Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Institut für Festkörperphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
Phys Rev Lett. 2019 Nov 8;123(19):195302. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.195302.
We show that the hydrodynamic collision processes of graphene electrons at the neutrality point can be described in terms of a Fokker-Planck equation with a fractional derivative, corresponding to a Lévy flight in momentum space. Thus, electron-electron collisions give rise to frequent small-angle scattering processes that are interrupted by rare large-angle events. The latter give rise to superdiffusive dynamics of collective excitations. We argue that such superdiffusive dynamics is of more general importance to the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of quantum-critical systems.
我们表明,在中性点处石墨烯电子的流体动力学碰撞过程可以用具有分数导数的福克-普朗克方程来描述,这对应于动量空间中的 Lévy 飞行。因此,电子-电子碰撞会导致频繁的小角度散射过程,这些过程会被罕见的大角度事件打断。后者导致集体激发的超扩散动力学。我们认为,这种超扩散动力学对于量子临界系统的非平衡动力学具有更普遍的重要性。