School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2020 Jul 1;154:1255-1264. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.280. Epub 2019 Nov 22.
Lignin from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) core was investigated as an alternative filler for rubber. Three types of extraction methods were used to isolate lignin from kenaf, namely kraft, soda and organosolv process. The particle size, surface area, functionalities changes, molecular weight and thermal properties of the lignin were characterized. The results showed that Kraft lignin (KL) has the smallest particle size (40.41 μm) compared to soda lignin (SL) (63.85 μm) and organosolv lignin (OL) (66.85 μm). This is in good agreement with the BET surface area of 9.52 m/g, 1.25 m/g and 2.40 m/g respectively. However, the smaller surface area of SL compared to OL is due to the smaller pore size and pore volume of SL. KL also showed high hydroxyl content with corresponding high thermal stability as confirmed by NMR and TGA. The thermal stability of the lignin correlates well with the molecular weight (MW). From the overall characteristics, it can be concluded that KL, SL and OL can be used as an alternative filler in rubber compounds to substitute common fillers like silica and carbon.
从麻疯树（Hibiscus cannabinus）核心中提取的木质素被研究作为橡胶的替代填料。使用了三种提取方法从麻疯树中分离木质素，即 kraft、苏打和有机溶剂法。对木质素的粒径、表面积、官能团变化、分子量和热性能进行了表征。结果表明，与苏打木质素（SL）（63.85μm）和有机溶剂木质素（OL）（66.85μm）相比， kraft 木质素（KL）的粒径最小（40.41μm）。这与 BET 表面积分别为 9.52m/g、1.25m/g 和 2.40m/g 非常吻合。然而，与 OL 相比，SL 的较小表面积是由于 SL 的孔径和孔体积较小。KL 还表现出高羟基含量和相应的高热稳定性，这通过 NMR 和 TGA 得到了证实。木质素的热稳定性与分子量（MW）很好地相关。从整体特性来看，可以得出结论，KL、SL 和 OL 可以用作橡胶化合物中的替代填料，以替代常见的填料，如二氧化硅和碳。
