2003-2014 年瑞典某地区严重道路使用者受伤发生率：基于国家道路安全政策的视角。
Incidence of seriously injured road users in a Swedish region, 2003-2014, from the perspective of a national road safety policy.
机构信息
School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Box 883, SE-721 23, Västerås, Sweden.
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 Nov 27;19(1):1576. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7937-0.
BACKGROUND
Since 1997 Sweden has a policy for road safety called Vision Zero. Given that Vision Zero is mainly used to reduce fatalities among car occupants, the question has been raised by the research community whether a Vision Zero approach promotes health for all road traffic users. The objective is to measure target fulfilment of the national road safety policy for a Swedish region by examining incidence of serious injury during 2003-2014 in rural and urban road spaces with or without implemented measures.
METHODS
Data on seriously injured road users, defined as ISS > 8 (Injury Severity Score), were retrieved from STRADA (Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition) together with data from NVDB (National Road Database). These data are used to describe where road users are seriously injured in relation to implemented national policy and using a conceptual model of a road space comprising roads, pavements and tracks for walking and cycling. Seriously injured road users in single and multiple crashes with and without vehicles are included. The development of the incidence is analysed for different road users and places in the road space.
RESULTS
Despite implemented road safety measures in the region, the incidence of seriously injured road users per 100,000 inhabitants in rural areas increased from 7.8 in 2003 to 9.3 in 2014 but doubled in urban areas from 8.0 in to 16.3 respectively. In areas not transformed by Vision Zero, only 36% were injured in rural areas while 64% were injured in urban areas. In contrast, in transformed areas 61% of injuries occurred in rural areas, whereas 39% occurred in urban areas. While the incidence decreased for car occupants on transformed national roads in rural areas, the incidence of serious injuries increased among unprotected road users in urban areas, in particular on pavements and tracks for cycling and walking than on the roads where Vision Zero had been implemented.
CONCLUSION
The reduction in the incidence for car occupants in the region may not be adequate to contribute to fulfilling the national target. More needs to be done, especially in the urban areas, where more active mobility is desired.
背景
自 1997 年以来，瑞典实行了一项名为“零愿景”的道路安全政策。鉴于“零愿景”主要用于减少汽车乘客的死亡率，研究界提出了一个问题，即“零愿景”方法是否促进所有道路交通使用者的健康。本研究的目的是通过检查 2003-2014 年在农村和城市道路空间中实施措施前后严重受伤的发生率，来衡量瑞典某一地区国家道路安全政策的目标实现情况。
方法
从 STRADA（瑞典交通事故数据采集）中检索到严重受伤的道路使用者（ISS > 8）的数据，ISS 是损伤严重度评分（Injury Severity Score）的缩写，并结合 NVDB（国家道路数据库）的数据。这些数据用于描述道路使用者在与实施的国家政策相关的位置发生严重受伤的情况，并使用道路空间的概念模型，该模型包括道路、人行道和自行车道。包括单人和多人与车辆和无车辆碰撞的道路使用者。分析不同道路使用者和道路空间中不同地点的发病率变化情况。
结果
尽管该地区实施了道路安全措施，但农村地区每 10 万居民中严重受伤的道路使用者人数从 2003 年的 7.8 人增加到 2014 年的 9.3 人，但在城市地区则翻了一番，从 8.0 人增加到 16.3 人。在未受“零愿景”影响的地区，农村地区只有 36%的人受伤，而城市地区则有 64%的人受伤。相比之下，在受“零愿景”影响的地区，61%的受伤发生在农村地区，而 39%的受伤发生在城市地区。虽然农村地区经过改造的国道上汽车乘客的受伤率有所下降，但城市地区非保护型道路使用者的严重受伤率有所上升，尤其是在人行道和自行车道上，而非在已经实施“零愿景”的道路上。
结论
该地区汽车乘客的受伤率降低可能不足以实现国家目标。还需要做更多的工作，特别是在城市地区，那里需要更多的积极出行。
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