Afukaar Francis K, Antwi Phyllis, Ofosu-Amaah Samuel
Building & Road Research Institute, UPO Box 40, UST, Kumasi, Ghana.
Inj Control Saf Promot. 2003 Mar-Jun;10(1-2):69-76. doi: 10.1076/icsp.10.1.69.14107.
Road traffic injuries and fatalities are increasing in Ghana. Police-collected crash and injury data for the period 1994-1998 were aggregated and analyzed using the MAAP5 accident analysis package developed by the Transport Research Laboratory, U.K. Published results of recent transport-related epidemiological and other surveys provided an additional data source. According to the 1994-1998 police data, road traffic crashes were a leading cause of death and injuries in Ghana. The other leading causes of death and injuries are occupational injuries which involve non-mechanized farming and tribal conflicts. The majority of road traffic fatalities (61.2%) and injuries (52.3%) occurred on roads in rural areas. About 58% more people died on roads in the rural areas than in urban areas, and generally more severe crashes occurred on rural roads compared with urban areas. Pedestrians accounted for 46.2% of all road traffic fatalities. The majority of these (66.8%) occurred in urban areas. The second leading population of road users affected was riders in passenger-ferrying buses, minibuses and trucks. The majority of these (42.8%) were killed on roads that pass through rural areas. Pedestrian casualties were overrepresented (nearly 90%) in five regions located in the southern half of the country. Efforts to tackle pedestrian safety should focus on the five regions of the country where most pedestrian fatalities occur in urban areas. Policies are also needed to protect passengers in commercially operated passenger-ferrying buses, minibuses and trucks because these vehicles carry a higher risk of being involved in fatal crashes.
加纳的道路交通伤亡人数正在增加。收集了1994年至1998年期间警方记录的事故和伤亡数据，并使用英国交通研究实验室开发的MAAP5事故分析软件包进行汇总和分析。近期与交通相关的流行病学调查及其他调查的已发表结果提供了额外的数据来源。根据1994年至1998年警方的数据，道路交通事故是加纳伤亡的主要原因。其他主要的伤亡原因是涉及非机械化农业和部落冲突的职业伤害。大多数道路交通死亡事故（61.2%）和受伤事故（52.3%）发生在农村地区的道路上。农村道路上的死亡人数比城市道路上多约58%，而且与城市道路相比，农村道路上发生的事故通常更严重。行人占所有道路交通死亡人数的46.2%。其中大多数（66.8%）发生在城市地区。受影响的第二大道路使用者群体是乘坐载客巴士、小型巴士和卡车的乘客。其中大多数（42.8%）在穿过农村地区的道路上死亡。在该国南部的五个地区，行人伤亡情况占比过高（近90%）。解决行人安全问题的努力应集中在该国行人死亡事故大多发生在城市地区的五个地区。还需要制定政策来保护乘坐商业运营的载客巴士、小型巴士和卡车的乘客，因为这些车辆发生致命事故的风险更高。
