Tejada Cesar Augusto Oviedo, Triaca Lívia Madeira, Liermann Nathiéle Hellwig, Ewerling Fernanda, Costa Janaína Calu
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Organizações e Mercados, Universidade Federal de Pelotas. R. Gomes Carneiro 1, Centro. 96010-610 Pelotas RS Brasil.
Departamento de Economia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande. Rio Grande RS Brasil.
Cien Saude Colet. 2019 Dec;24(12):4395-4404. doi: 10.1590/1413-812320182412.25082019. Epub 2019 Aug 27.
The aim of the study was to analyze how economic crises affect child health globally and between subgroups of countries with different levels of income. Data from the World Bank and the World Health Organization were used for 127 countries between 1995 and 2014. A fixed effects model was used, evaluating the effect of the change on macroeconomic indicators (GDP per capita, unemployment and inflation rates and misery index) in neonatal, infant and under-five mortality rates. Moreover, we evaluated whether there was a change in the association effect according to the income of the countries and also analyzed the role of public health expenditure in this association. Evidence has shown that worse economic indicators (lower GDP per capita, higher inflation, unemployment rates and misery index) are associated with higher child mortality rates. In the subsamples by income strata, the same association is observed, but with effects of greater magnitude for low- and middle-income countries. We also verified that a higher percentage in public health expenditures alleviates the effects of economic indicators on child mortality rates. Thus, more attention needs to be paid to the harmful effects of the macroeconomic crises to ensure improvements in child health.
该研究的目的是分析经济危机如何在全球范围内以及在不同收入水平国家的子群体之间影响儿童健康。研究使用了世界银行和世界卫生组织1995年至2014年期间127个国家的数据。采用固定效应模型，评估宏观经济指标（人均国内生产总值、失业率、通货膨胀率和痛苦指数）变化对新生儿、婴儿和五岁以下儿童死亡率的影响。此外，我们评估了根据国家收入情况关联效应是否发生变化，并分析了公共卫生支出在这种关联中的作用。证据表明，较差的经济指标（较低的人均国内生产总值、较高的通货膨胀率、失业率和痛苦指数）与较高的儿童死亡率相关。在按收入阶层划分的子样本中，也观察到了相同的关联，但低收入和中等收入国家的影响程度更大。我们还证实，公共卫生支出中较高的比例可减轻经济指标对儿童死亡率的影响。因此，需要更加关注宏观经济危机的有害影响，以确保儿童健康状况得到改善。
