Blake K V, Massey K L, Hendeles L, Nickerson D, Neims A
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
Ann Emerg Med. 1988 Oct;17(10):1024-8. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(88)80439-6.
We evaluated the efficacy of pretreatment with phenytoin and phenobarbital to prevent seizures in mice given convulsive doses of theophylline. The control LD50 for theophylline was determined in 48 mice by intraperitoneal injections of increasing doses without anticonvulsant treatment. Anticonvulsant effects were determined in 105 additional mice pretreated with either phenytoin 30 mg/kg (n = 35), phenobarbital 35 mg/kg (n = 30), or phenobarbital 60 mg/kg (n = 40) one hour before theophylline administration. The theophylline LD50 (95% confidence interval) was 239 mg/kg (range, 229 to 248 mg/kg) for controls, 204 mg/kg (range, 194 to 214 mg/kg) for phenytoin, 305 mg/kg (range, 288 to 323 mg/kg) for low-dose phenobarbital, and 319 mg/kg (range, 307 to 331 mg/kg) for high-dose phenobarbital. Each LD50 differed significantly from control (P less than .05). The phenobarbital groups were significantly different from phenytoin (P less than .05) but not from each other. Theophylline serum concentrations were not significantly different among groups after adjustment for different doses. The mean +/- SEM time to seizure in minutes after adjustment for theophylline dose was 23.5 +/- 4.0 minutes for controls, 5.7 +/- 7.5 minutes for phenytoin, 44.1 +/- 7.1 minutes for low-dose phenobarbital, and 63.7 +/- 6.5 minutes for high-dose phenobarbital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
我们评估了苯妥英钠和苯巴比妥预处理对给予惊厥剂量氨茶碱的小鼠预防癫痫发作的效果。通过腹腔注射递增剂量且不进行抗惊厥治疗，在48只小鼠中测定了氨茶碱的对照半数致死量（LD50）。在另外105只小鼠中，于给予氨茶碱前1小时分别用30 mg/kg苯妥英钠（n = 35）、35 mg/kg苯巴比妥（n = 30）或60 mg/kg苯巴比妥（n = 40）进行预处理，以确定抗惊厥效果。对照的氨茶碱LD50（95%置信区间）为239 mg/kg（范围229至248 mg/kg），苯妥英钠组为204 mg/kg（范围194至214 mg/kg），低剂量苯巴比妥组为305 mg/kg（范围288至323 mg/kg），高剂量苯巴比妥组为319 mg/kg（范围307至331 mg/kg）。各LD50与对照均有显著差异（P小于0.05）。苯巴比妥组与苯妥英钠组有显著差异（P小于0.05），但两组之间无显著差异。调整不同剂量后，各组间氨茶碱血清浓度无显著差异。调整氨茶碱剂量后，以分钟计的平均惊厥发作时间（均值±标准误），对照组为23.5±4.0分钟，苯妥英钠组为5.7±7.5分钟，低剂量苯巴比妥组为44.1±7.1分钟，高剂量苯巴比妥组为63.7±6.5分钟。（摘要截断于250字）
