暴露于绿色空间与学龄前儿童问题行为的关联。
Associations of exposure to green space with problem behaviours in preschool-aged children.
机构信息
Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
出版信息
Int J Epidemiol. 2020 Jun 1;49(3):944-953. doi: 10.1093/ije/dyz243.
BACKGROUND
Limited evidence is available regarding the association of green-space exposure with childhood behavioural development. This study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to green space with multiple syndromes of behavioural development in preschool children.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Wuhan, China from April 2016 to June 2018. We recruited a sample of 6039 children aged 5-6 years from 17 kindergartens located in five urban districts of the city. We measured the greenness using average Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within a circular buffer area of 100 metres surrounding the central point of residences and kindergartens. We calculated the residence-kindergarten-weighted greenness by assuming that children spent 16 hours per day at home and 8 hours at kindergarten. The problem behaviours of children were evaluated at kindergarten using the Childhood Behavioral Checklist (CBCL) and standardized into problem behavioural T scores. Linear mixed-effect models and linear-regression models were used to estimate the associations.
RESULTS
We observed decreases in problem behaviours associated with kindergarten and residence-kindergarten-weighted surrounding greenness in preschool children. For example, a one-interquartile range increase in kindergarten and residence-kindergarten-weighted NDVI was associated with decreased T scores for total behaviour by -0.61 [95% confidence interval (CI): -1.09, -0.13) and -0.49 (95% CI -0.85, -0.12), anxiety and depression by -0.65 (95% CI: -1.13, -0.17) and -0.46 (95% CI: -0.82, -0.10), aggressive behaviour by -0.53 (95% CI: -1.01, -0.05) and -0.38 (95% CI: -0.75, -0.02) and hyperactivity and attention deficit by -0.54 (95% CI: -1.01, -0.07) and -0.48 (95% CI: -0.83, -0.12), respectively. Stratified analyses indicated that the associations of green-space exposure with problem behaviours were stronger in boys than in girls.
CONCLUSIONS
Children attending kindergartens with higher levels of surrounding green space exhibited better behavioural development. The mechanisms underlying these associations should be explored further.
背景
关于暴露于绿色空间与儿童行为发育之间的关系，现有证据有限。本研究旨在调查学龄前儿童接触绿色空间与多种行为发育综合征之间的关联。
方法
本横断面研究于 2016 年 4 月至 2018 年 6 月在中国武汉进行。我们从该市五个城区的 17 所幼儿园招募了 6039 名 5-6 岁的儿童。我们使用以居住和幼儿园为中心的 100 米圆形缓冲区中平均归一化差异植被指数（NDVI）来衡量绿色空间。我们通过假设儿童每天在家中度过 16 小时，在幼儿园度过 8 小时，计算出居住-幼儿园加权绿化值。使用儿童行为检查表（CBCL）在幼儿园评估儿童的问题行为，并将其标准化为问题行为 T 分数。使用线性混合效应模型和线性回归模型来估计关联。
结果
我们观察到，与幼儿园和居住-幼儿园加权周围绿化相关的儿童问题行为减少。例如，幼儿园和居住-幼儿园加权 NDVI 每增加一个四分位距，总行为的 T 评分分别降低-0.61（95%置信区间：-1.09，-0.13）和-0.49（95%置信区间：-0.85，-0.12），焦虑和抑郁分别降低-0.65（95%置信区间：-1.13，-0.17）和-0.46（95%置信区间：-0.82，-0.10），攻击性行为分别降低-0.53（95%置信区间：-1.01，-0.05）和-0.38（95%置信区间：-0.75，-0.02），多动和注意力缺陷分别降低-0.54（95%置信区间：-1.01，-0.07）和-0.48（95%置信区间：-0.83，-0.12）。分层分析表明，暴露于绿色空间与行为问题之间的关联在男孩中比在女孩中更强。
结论
上幼儿园的儿童周围绿色空间水平较高，其行为发育更好。应进一步探讨这些关联的潜在机制。
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