Department of Pre-Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha 24144, Qatar.
Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 036 01 Martin, Slovakia.
Biomolecules. 2019 Nov 27;9(12):789. doi: 10.3390/biom9120789.
Paclitaxel (PTX), the most widely used anticancer drug, is applied for the treatment of various types of malignant diseases. Mechanisms of PTX action represent several ways in which PTX affects cellular processes resulting in programmed cell death. PTX is frequently used as the first-line treatment drug in breast cancer (BC). Unfortunately, the resistance of BC to PTX treatment is a great obstacle in clinical applications and one of the major causes of death associated with treatment failure. Factors contributing to PTX resistance, such as ABC transporters, microRNAs (miRNAs), or mutations in certain genes, along with side effects of PTX including peripheral neuropathy or hypersensitivity associated with the vehicle used to overcome its poor solubility, are responsible for intensive research concerning the use of PTX in preclinical and clinical studies. Novelties such as albumin-bound PTX (nab-PTX) demonstrate a progressive approach leading to higher efficiency and decreased risk of side effects after drug administration. Moreover, PTX nanoparticles for targeted treatment of BC promise a stable and efficient therapeutic intervention. Here, we summarize current research focused on PTX, its evaluations in preclinical research and application clinical practice as well as the perspective of the drug for future implication in BC therapy.
紫杉醇（PTX）是应用最广泛的抗癌药物，用于治疗各种类型的恶性疾病。PTX 的作用机制代表了 PTX 影响细胞过程从而导致程序性细胞死亡的几种方式。PTX 常用于乳腺癌（BC）的一线治疗药物。不幸的是，BC 对 PTX 治疗的耐药性是临床应用中的一个巨大障碍，也是与治疗失败相关的死亡的主要原因之一。导致 PTX 耐药的因素，如 ABC 转运蛋白、微小 RNA（miRNA）或某些基因的突变，以及 PTX 的副作用，包括与克服其较差溶解性相关的外周神经病变或过敏反应，都促使人们对 PTX 在临床前和临床研究中的应用进行了深入研究。新型制剂如白蛋白结合型紫杉醇（nab-PTX）展示了一种渐进的方法，可提高给药后的效率并降低副作用风险。此外，用于治疗 BC 的 PTX 纳米粒有望实现稳定有效的治疗干预。在这里，我们总结了目前针对 PTX 的研究，包括其在临床前研究中的评估以及在临床实践中的应用，以及该药物在未来 BC 治疗中的前景。
