外侧视觉区域的活动有助于清醒小鼠 V1 中的周围抑制。

Activity in Lateral Visual Areas Contributes to Surround Suppression in Awake Mouse V1.

机构信息

Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Psychiatry Department, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

出版信息

Curr Biol. 2019 Dec 16;29(24):4268-4275.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.037. Epub 2019 Nov 27.

Abstract

Neuronal response to sensory stimuli depends on the context. The response in primary visual cortex (V1), for instance, is reduced when a stimulus is surrounded by a similar stimulus [1-3]. The source of this surround suppression is partially known. In mouse, local horizontal integration by somatostatin-expressing interneurons contributes to surround suppression [4]. In primates, however, surround suppression arises too quickly to come from local horizontal integration alone, and myelinated axons from higher visual areas, where cells have larger receptive fields, are thought to provide additional surround suppression [5, 6]. Silencing higher visual areas indeed decreased surround suppression in the awake primate by increasing responses to large stimuli [7, 8], although not under anesthesia [9, 10]. In smaller mammals, like mice, fast surround suppression could be possible without feedback. Recent studies revealed a small reduction in V1 responses when silencing higher areas [11, 12] but have not investigated surround suppression. To determine whether higher visual areas contribute to V1 surround suppression, even when this is not necessary for fast processing, we inhibited the areas lateral to V1, particularly the lateromedial area (LM), a possible homolog of primate V2 [13], while recording in V1 of awake and anesthetized mice. We found that part of the surround suppression depends on activity from lateral visual areas in the awake, but not anesthetized, mouse. Inhibiting the lateral visual areas specifically increased responses in V1 to large stimuli. We present a model explaining how excitatory feedback to V1 can have these suppressive effects for large stimuli.

摘要

神经元对感觉刺激的反应取决于上下文。例如,当刺激物被相似的刺激物包围时,初级视觉皮层(V1)的反应会减弱[1-3]。这种周围抑制的来源部分已知。在小鼠中,由表达生长抑素的中间神经元进行局部水平整合有助于周围抑制[4]。然而,在灵长类动物中,周围抑制的出现速度太快,不能仅来自局部水平整合,并且来自更高视觉区域的有髓轴突(其中细胞具有更大的感受野)被认为提供了额外的周围抑制[5,6]。在清醒的灵长类动物中,沉默更高的视觉区域确实通过增加对大刺激的反应来减少周围抑制[7,8],尽管在麻醉下并非如此[9,10]。在较小的哺乳动物(如小鼠)中,没有反馈的情况下也可能实现快速的周围抑制。最近的研究表明,当沉默更高的区域时,V1 的反应会略有减少[11,12],但并未调查周围抑制。为了确定更高的视觉区域是否有助于 V1 的周围抑制,即使这对于快速处理不是必需的,我们在清醒和麻醉的小鼠中抑制了 V1 外侧的区域,特别是侧-中侧区域(LM),这可能是灵长类 V2 的同源物[13]。我们发现,在清醒的小鼠中,一部分周围抑制依赖于来自外侧视觉区域的活动,但在麻醉的小鼠中则不然。抑制外侧视觉区域特异性地增加了 V1 对大刺激的反应。我们提出了一个模型,解释了兴奋性反馈如何对大刺激产生这种抑制作用。

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