Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago 60612, USA.
Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Feb 20;704:135288. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135288. Epub 2019 Nov 23.
Coral reef fishes are about 10% of commercial fishes worldwide. Their pollution is close to human's health. Antibiotics are one group of emerging organic pollutants in the marine environment. However, little data is available on the bioaccumulation and dietary risks of antibiotics in coral reef fish from the South China Sea (SCS) or any other parts of the global coral reef environment. In this study, we examined 19 antibiotics in 18 species of coral reef fish collected from coastal and offshore regions in the SCS. The results revealed that 17 antibiotics were detected in the fishes. Their average concentrations ranged from 1.3 × 10 to 7.9 × 10 ng/g ww, which were at the lower end of the global range about antibiotic levels in fish. The average total antibiotic concentrations (∑ABs) were significantly higher in the offshore fish (1.2 ng/g ww) than in the coastal fish (0.16 ng/g ww). Different fish species or the protection of mucus produced by coastal fish at severe environmental stress may cause the differences. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) accounted for 89% and 74% of the average ∑ABs in the offshore and coastal fish, respectively. It may relate to their relative high aqueous solubility and adsorption ability to particles. The log BAFs (bioaccumulation factors) of the antibiotics ranged from -0.34 to 4.12. Norfloxacin, dehydrated erythromycin (DETM), and roxithromycin were bioaccumulative in some offshore fish samples with their log BAFs higher than 3.7. The results of trophic magnification factors (TMFs) demonstrated that DETM underwent significant trophic dilution while enoxacin underwent trophic magnification in the food web of coral reef fishes. The estimated daily intakes of antibiotics via fish consumption by China residents ranged from 2.0 × 10 to 2.7 ng/kg weight body/day, which was 3 to 8 orders of magnitude lower than the respective acceptable daily intakes.
珊瑚礁鱼类约占全球商业鱼类的 10%。它们的污染与人类健康密切相关。抗生素是海洋环境中新兴的有机污染物之一。然而，关于南海（SCS）或全球其他珊瑚礁环境中珊瑚礁鱼类体内抗生素的生物积累和饮食风险的数据很少。在这项研究中，我们检测了来自 SCS 沿海和近海地区的 18 种珊瑚礁鱼类中的 19 种抗生素。结果表明，鱼类中检测到 17 种抗生素。它们的平均浓度范围为 1.3×10 至 7.9×10 ng/g 湿重，处于鱼类中抗生素水平的全球范围内较低端。近海鱼类（1.2 ng/g 湿重）的总抗生素浓度（∑ABs）平均值明显高于沿海鱼类（0.16 ng/g 湿重）。不同的鱼类物种或沿海鱼类在严重环境胁迫下产生的黏液保护可能导致这种差异。氟喹诺酮类（FQs）分别占近海和沿海鱼类平均∑ABs 的 89%和 74%。这可能与它们相对较高的水溶解度和对颗粒的吸附能力有关。抗生素的 log BAFs（生物积累因子）范围为-0.34 至 4.12。诺氟沙星、脱水红霉素（DETM）和罗红霉素在一些近海鱼类样本中具有生物蓄积性，其 log BAFs 高于 3.7。营养放大因子（TMFs）的结果表明，DETM 在珊瑚礁鱼类的食物网中经历了显著的营养稀释，而恩诺沙星则经历了营养放大。通过食用鱼类摄入抗生素的中国居民的估计日摄入量范围为 2.0×10 至 2.7 ng/kg 体重/天，比各自的可接受日摄入量低 3 到 8 个数量级。
