Wurthmann Kurt
Nova Southeastern University, United States.
MethodsX. 2019 Nov 12;6:2669-2676. doi: 10.1016/j.mex.2019.10.025. eCollection 2019.
This article describes a nonparametric bootstrapping method for synthetically generating daily precipitation, water supply, and irrigation demand for rainwater harvesting (RWH) system storage sizing and reliability determination. The method is illustrated using the case example of determining storage size and associated reliability outcomes for residential RWH systems that provide for the outdoor landscape irrigation demands of single-family homes in Broward and Palm Beach Counties, located in Southeast Florida, U.S.A. The method is useful not only for individual property owners, RWH system designers, and contractors, but also for policy makers who wish to analyze potential savings in water and energy amounts and costs that could result from widespread deployment of residential RWH systems, as discussed in Wurthmann (2019). The method can be easily implemented in Excel and is unique in its combination of: •precision - determines daily levels of precipitation, water supply, and irrigation demand, incorporating the effects of seasonality,•adaptability - user specified historical rainfall data and functional relationships between precipitation and water supply and demand are fully customizable, and•portability - the nonparametric bootstrapping approach overcomes the key challenge posed by parametric stochastic methods; that statistical relationships describing rainfall processes derived in one location are likely not applicable to other locations.
本文介绍了一种非参数自抽样法,用于综合生成雨水收集(RWH)系统储水量规模确定及可靠性评估所需的日降水量、供水量和灌溉需水量。以美国佛罗里达州东南部布劳沃德县和棕榈滩县单户住宅室外景观灌溉需求的住宅RWH系统储水量规模及相关可靠性评估为例,对该方法进行了说明。该方法不仅对个体业主、RWH系统设计师和承包商有用,而且对希望分析住宅RWH系统广泛部署可能带来的水、能源和成本潜在节约的政策制定者也有用,如Wurthmann(2019)所述。该方法可在Excel中轻松实现,其独特之处在于结合了以下几点:•精度——确定日降水量、供水量和灌溉需水量水平,纳入季节性影响;•适应性——用户指定的历史降雨数据以及降水量与供水量和需水量之间的函数关系完全可定制;•便携性——非参数自抽样法克服了参数随机方法带来的关键挑战,即描述一个地点降雨过程的统计关系可能不适用于其他地点。