Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Ctra. Boadilla del Monte km 5,3, E-28668, Madrid, Spain.
Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Joseph's Hospital Center for Diabetes in Pregnancy, Berlin, Germany.
Diabetologia. 2020 Apr;63(4):864-874. doi: 10.1007/s00125-019-05054-x. Epub 2019 Dec 12.
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Both arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA,22:6 n-3), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), are involved in fetal development and, based on their percentage compositions, appear to be specifically accumulated in fetal circulation in a proposed phenomenon known as biomagnification. Discrepancies exist in the literature concerning the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on circulating fatty acids. Our objective was to analyse individual fatty acid concentrations in a large cohort of maternal and cord paired serum samples from pregnant women with and without GDM.
Overnight fasted maternal and cord blood paired samples from 84 women with GDM and well controlled blood glucose levels and 90 healthy pregnant women (controls) were drawn at term. Individual fatty acids within total serum lipids were analysed by gas chromatography and expressed both as concentrations of fatty acid (mmol/l) and as a percentage of total fatty acids.
In the serum of overnight fasted pregnant women with GDM, the concentrations of most fatty acids were lower than in control women, except for AA and DHA, which remained the same. The concentrations of most fatty acids in cord serum were also lower in the GDM group than in the control group, except for α-linolenic acid (ALA,18:3 n-3), which was higher in the GDM group. In both groups, the concentrations of all fatty acids were lower in cord serum than in maternal serum. In GDM participants only, a positive and significant correlation between cord and maternal serum concentration of AA and DHA was observed.
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The expression of fatty acids in molar concentrations reveals that GDM decreases the concentration of most fatty acids in both maternal and cord serum. There is a high fetal dependence on maternal AA and DHA, but our findings do not support the existence of a fetal biomagnification of those two LCPUFA.
目的/假设：花生四烯酸（AA，20:4n-6）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA，22:6n-3），两种长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFA），都参与胎儿发育，并且根据其百分组成，似乎专门在胎儿循环中累积，这一现象被称为生物放大。关于妊娠糖尿病（GDM）对循环脂肪酸的影响，文献中存在差异。我们的目的是分析 GDM 孕妇和血糖控制良好的健康孕妇大量配对的母血和脐血血清样本中的单个脂肪酸浓度。
抽取 84 名 GDM 孕妇和 90 名健康孕妇（对照组）的 overnightfasted 母血和脐血配对样本，血糖控制良好。通过气相色谱分析总血清脂质中的单个脂肪酸，并以脂肪酸浓度（mmol/l）和总脂肪酸百分比表示。
与对照组相比，GDM 孕妇 overnightfasted 血清中大多数脂肪酸的浓度较低，除了 AA 和 DHA，其浓度保持不变。GDM 组的脐血中大多数脂肪酸的浓度也低于对照组，除了 ALA（18:3n-3），其浓度较高。在两组中，与母血相比，脐血中的所有脂肪酸浓度均较低。仅在 GDM 组中，观察到 AA 和 DHA 与母血和脐血浓度之间存在正相关和显著相关性。
结论/解释：以摩尔浓度表示的脂肪酸表达表明，GDM 降低了母血和脐血中大多数脂肪酸的浓度。胎儿对母体 AA 和 DHA 的依赖性很高，但我们的发现不支持这两种 LCPUFA 存在胎儿生物放大。
