Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2020 Feb 15;502:110679. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110679. Epub 2019 Dec 13.
Prolactin is pleotropic in nature affecting multiple tissues throughout the body. As a consequence of the broad range of functions, regulation of anterior pituitary prolactin secretion is complex and atypical as compared to other pituitary hormones. Many studies have provided insight into the complex hypothalamic-pituitary networks controlling prolactin secretion patterns in different species using a range of techniques. Here, we review prolactin secretion in both males and females; and consider the different patterns of prolactin secretion across the reproductive cycle in representative female mammals with short versus long luteal phases and in seasonal breeders. Additionally, we highlight changes in the pattern of secretion during pregnancy and lactation, and discuss the wide range of adaptive functions that prolactin may have in these important physiological states.
催乳素本质上是多效的，影响全身多个组织。由于功能广泛，与其他垂体激素相比，催乳素的前垂体分泌的调节较为复杂和非典型。许多研究使用各种技术深入了解控制不同物种催乳素分泌模式的复杂下丘脑-垂体网络。在这里，我们回顾了男性和女性的催乳素分泌情况；并考虑了在具有短黄体期和长黄体期的代表性雌性哺乳动物以及季节性繁殖者的整个生殖周期中催乳素分泌的不同模式。此外，我们强调了在怀孕和哺乳期间分泌模式的变化，并讨论了催乳素在这些重要生理状态下可能具有的广泛适应性功能。
