Nephrology and Urology Research Affinity Group, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.
Center of Clinical and Translational Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States.
Front Immunol. 2019 Nov 29;10:2786. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02786. eCollection 2019.
The lower urinary tract is routinely exposed to microbes residing in the gastrointestinal tract, yet the urothelium resists invasive infections by gut microorganisms. This infection resistance is attributed to innate defenses in the bladder urothelium, kidney epithelium, and resident or circulating immune cells. In recent years, surmounting evidence suggests that these cell types produce and secrete soluble host defense peptides, including members of the Ribonuclease (RNase) A Superfamily, to combat invasive bacterial challenge. While some of these peptides, including RNase 4 and RNase 7, are abundantly produced by epithelial cells, the expression of others, like RNase 3 and RNase 6, increase at infection sites with immune cell recruitment. The objective of this mini-review is to highlight recent evidence showing the biological importance and responses of RNase A Superfamily members to infection in the kidney and bladder.
下尿路通常会接触到存在于胃肠道中的微生物，但尿路上皮可抵抗肠道微生物的侵袭性感染。这种抗感染能力归因于膀胱尿路上皮、肾脏上皮以及常驻或循环免疫细胞中的先天防御。近年来，越来越多的证据表明，这些细胞类型会产生和分泌可溶性宿主防御肽，包括核糖核酸酶 (RNase) A 超家族的成员，以抵抗侵袭性细菌的挑战。虽然这些肽中的一些，如 RNase 4 和 RNase 7，由上皮细胞大量产生，但其他肽，如 RNase 3 和 RNase 6，在免疫细胞募集的感染部位表达增加。本篇综述的目的是强调最近的证据，这些证据表明 RNase A 超家族成员在肾脏和膀胱感染中的生物学重要性和反应。
