在资源匮乏环境下的儿童验光实践。
The practise of paediatric optometry in a low-resource environment.
作者信息
Ocansey Stephen, Abu Emmanuel Kwasi, Nii Armah Odamtten, Morny Enyam Ka
机构信息
Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
Eye Unit, Lekma Hospital, Accra, Ghana.
出版信息
Clin Exp Optom. 2020 Jul;103(4):520-530. doi: 10.1111/cxo.13005. Epub 2019 Dec 18.
BACKGROUND
The role of optometrists in paediatric visual assessment must compliment the role of other eye-care practitioners at all levels of care. This study was undertaken to determine if optometrists in Ghana screen, diagnose and manage paediatric ocular conditions (for example, strabismus, amblyopia), and further assessed if optometrists in Ghana have the requisite paediatric instrumentation in their practices.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional descriptive survey involving optometrists in both public and private eye-care sectors in Ghana. A paediatric visual assessment questionnaire was sent to all registered optometrists in Ghana. The contents of the questionnaire evaluated areas of vision assessment, refraction, and previous diagnosis and management, which were matched with practice characteristics such as location, type of practice and type of employment. Chi-squared statistic was used to test associations between variables.
RESULTS
Responses were obtained from 140 optometrists out of the 326 registered optometrists, representing a response rate of 46 per cent. Overall, less than half of respondents (64 which represents 46 per cent) assessed themselves as practising full-scope paediatric eye care. These self-assessment views were more common among optometrists at the regional level (111: 79.3 per cent), followed by the district (20: 14.3 per cent) and sub-district levels (nine: 6.4 per cent) (χ = 4.774, p < 0.05), but was not influenced by type of employment, type of practice and level of training (p > 0.05). In addition, the study revealed that many respondents were more likely to assess pre-schoolers' visual acuity (VA) (121: 96.0 per cent), do refraction (109: 88.6 per cent) and perform binocular vision (BV) assessment (93: 76.9 per cent) compared to the toddlers' VA (72: 55.4 per cent), refraction (57: 46 per cent) and BV assessment (68: 56.2 per cent).
CONCLUSION
Full-scope paediatric eye care services among optometrists in Ghana is limited.
背景
验光师在儿童视力评估中的作用必须与各级眼保健从业者的作用相辅相成。本研究旨在确定加纳的验光师是否对儿童眼部疾病（如斜视、弱视）进行筛查、诊断和管理，并进一步评估加纳的验光师在其执业中是否拥有必要的儿科检查仪器。
方法
这是一项横断面描述性调查，涉及加纳公共和私立眼保健部门的验光师。向加纳所有注册验光师发送了一份儿童视力评估问卷。问卷内容评估了视力评估、验光以及先前诊断和管理等方面，并与诸如地点、执业类型和就业类型等执业特征相匹配。采用卡方统计量来检验变量之间的关联。
结果
在326名注册验光师中，有140名验光师回复了问卷，回复率为46%。总体而言，不到一半的受访者（64名，占46%）认为自己从事全面的儿童眼保健工作。这些自我评估观点在地区级验光师中更为常见（111名：79.3%），其次是区级（20名：14.3%）和次区级（9名：6.4%）（χ = 4.774，p < 0.05），但不受就业类型、执业类型和培训水平的影响（p > 0.05）。此外，研究表明，与幼儿的视力（VA）（72名：55.4%）、验光（57名：46%）和双眼视觉（BV）评估（68名：56.2%）相比，许多受访者更有可能对学龄前儿童进行视力评估（121名：96.0%）、验光（109名：88.6%）和双眼视觉评估（93名：76.9%）。
结论
加纳验光师提供的全面儿童眼保健服务有限。
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