Department of Psychiatry, Division of Psychiatry and the Law, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.
CNS Spectr. 2020 Oct;25(5):624-629. doi: 10.1017/S1092852919001731. Epub 2019 Dec 19.
Forensic populations in the United States are increasing, driven largely by a rise in individuals determined to be Incompetent to Stand Trial (IST). Across most states, including California, the number of mentally ill inmates awaiting competency restoration has increased dramatically in recent years. Traditionally, competency restoration has taken place in state hospitals, but incompetent inmates often experience a significant wait for state hospital beds because of the rising demand for beds in such facilities. The resulting waitlists, which range from days to months, have led to states being held in contempt of court for violating limits placed on how long incompetent defendants can be held in jail. Therefore, alternatives to state hospitalization for IST patients have been developed, including jail-based competency (JBCT) restoration programs. JBCT programs provide restoration services in county jails, rather than in psychiatric hospitals. The following article will review the nature of JBCT programs and will emphasize the structure and evolution of such programs within California.
美国的法医学群体正在增加，这主要是由于被判定为无能力接受审判 (IST) 的人数增加所致。在包括加利福尼亚州在内的大多数州，近年来等待恢复能力的精神病囚犯人数急剧增加。传统上，能力恢复是在州立医院进行的，但由于这些设施对床位的需求不断增加，无能力的囚犯往往要等待很长时间才能获得州立医院的床位。由此产生的候补名单从几天到几个月不等，导致各州因违反对无能力被告关押时间的限制而被法庭蔑视。因此，已经开发出了 IST 患者替代州住院治疗的方法，包括基于监狱的能力 (JBCT) 恢复计划。JBCT 计划在县监狱而不是精神病院提供恢复服务。本文将回顾 JBCT 计划的性质，并强调加利福尼亚州此类计划的结构和演变。
