Wang Sen, Ren Ling, Liu Lin-Lin, Li Ying, Zhang Zhen, Kong Fan-Long
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2019 Nov 8;40(11):4971-4979. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201904054.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have increasingly been applied in consumer and industrial products because of their magnetic, optical, electronic, sensitive, antibacterial, disinfection, and UV shielding properties. The wide production and application of NPs has inevitably resulted in their release into the ecosystem through various channels and accumulation in organisms. NPs have a small particle size (1-100 nm), which is closely correlated with biotoxicity. To investigate the size-dependent effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on microbial community structure and diversity, as well as the nitrogen removal performance of a biological treatment system, laboratory scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands were operated for 28 days under the conditions of COD 200.0 mg·L, NH-N 12.5 mg·L, and total dissolved phosphorus 4.0 mg·L. The relationship between microbial community structure and its performance were discussed. The results indicated that three sized ZnO NPs (15, 50, and 90 nm) had no significant effect on COD removal at the concentration of 10 mg·L but showed obvious particle size effects on nitrogen removal. High throughput sequencing indicated that the abundance of nitrifying bacteria in constructed wetland system was significantly lower than that of denitrifying bacteria, suggesting that the nitrification process was the key factor restricting the denitrification performance of wetlands. After exposure to ZnO NPs, the structure of microbial communities in constructed wetlands changed, and 15 nm ZnO NPs had a stronger inhibitory effect on nitrifying bacteria than those of 50 nm and 90 nm ZnO NPs.
由于纳米颗粒（NPs）具有磁性、光学、电子、敏感、抗菌、消毒和紫外线屏蔽等特性，它们在消费品和工业产品中的应用越来越广泛。纳米颗粒的广泛生产和应用不可避免地导致其通过各种渠道释放到生态系统中并在生物体内积累。纳米颗粒粒径小（1-100纳米），这与生物毒性密切相关。为了研究氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）粒径对微生物群落结构和多样性的影响，以及生物处理系统的脱氮性能，在COD为200.0mg·L、NH-N为12.5mg·L、总溶解磷为4.0mg·L的条件下，对实验室规模的水平潜流人工湿地进行了28天的运行。讨论了微生物群落结构与其性能之间的关系。结果表明，三种粒径的ZnO NPs（15、50和90纳米）在浓度为10mg·L时对COD去除没有显著影响，但对脱氮表现出明显的粒径效应。高通量测序表明，人工湿地系统中硝化细菌的丰度显著低于反硝化细菌，这表明硝化过程是限制湿地反硝化性能的关键因素。暴露于ZnO NPs后，人工湿地中微生物群落的结构发生了变化，15纳米的ZnO NPs对硝化细菌的抑制作用比50纳米和90纳米的ZnO NPs更强。
