Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; Centre of Integrated Water-Energy-Food Studies, School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Brackenhurst Campus, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, UK.
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
Chemosphere. 2020 Apr;245:125558. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125558. Epub 2019 Dec 11.
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is a promising technique for treating sewage sludge. In this study, three sewage sludge-derived hydrochars produced with water (SSHW), 1 wt% magnesium citrate (SSHM) solution, and 1 wt% magnesium citrate mixed with 1 wt% sulfuric acid (SSHMS) solution were applied to columns of packed paddy soil. We evaluated the effects of these differently modified sewage sludge-hydrochars on ammonia volatilization, soil nitrogen (N) retention and rice growth. Results showed that compared to the control, SSHMS reduced the cumulative ammonia volatilization determined after three split application of N-fertilizer. SSHM and SSHMS both reduced the yield-scale ammonia volatilization by 20.3% and 41.2% respectively. Moreover, the addition of three sewage sludge-derived hydrochars increased soil ammonium-N retention after the first supplementary fertilization; however, after the second supplementary fertilization, only SSHMS addition significantly increased soil ammonium-N retention. Of the three hydrochars tested, SSHMS has the strongest effects on soil ammonium-N retention and inhibition of ammonium-N loss in floodwater. This was attributed to increased ammonium sorption driven by SSHMS's lower surface pH and porous diameter, larger adsorption porous volume and higher abundance of carboxyl functional groups. Additionally, the increased soil N retention increased grain N content and yield. Our results provide a novel method to valorize sewage sludge into a valuable fertilizer that if applied to paddy soil it can inhibit ammonia volatilization, N loss in floodwater, and promote N use efficiency by rice, with positive implications for sustainable rice production.
水热碳化（HTC）是一种处理污水污泥的有前途的技术。在这项研究中，应用三种不同的污水污泥衍生水热炭（SSHW）、1wt%柠檬酸镁溶液（SSHM）和 1wt%柠檬酸镁混合 1wt%硫酸溶液（SSHMS）到填充稻田的柱状物中。我们评估了这些不同改性的污水污泥-水热炭对氨挥发、土壤氮（N）保留和水稻生长的影响。结果表明，与对照相比，SSHMS 减少了三次氮肥分期施用后测定的累积氨挥发量。SSHM 和 SSHMS 分别将产量规模氨挥发量减少了 20.3%和 41.2%。此外，三种污水污泥衍生水热炭的添加增加了第一次补充施肥后的土壤铵态氮保留量；然而，在第二次补充施肥后，只有 SSHMS 的添加显著增加了土壤铵态氮保留量。在测试的三种水热炭中，SSHMS 对土壤铵态氮保留和抑制洪水水中铵态氮损失的效果最强。这归因于 SSHMS 较低的表面 pH 值和孔径、较大的吸附孔体积和更高的羧基官能团丰度驱动的铵吸附增加。此外，土壤氮保留量的增加增加了籽粒氮含量和产量。我们的结果提供了一种将污水污泥转化为有价值肥料的新方法，如果将其应用于稻田，它可以抑制氨挥发、洪水水中的氮损失，并促进水稻对氮的利用效率，对可持续水稻生产具有积极意义。
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