Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in downstream of Yangze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China; School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China.
Chemosphere. 2021 Aug;277:130233. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130233. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is known as a green biomass conversion technology. However, it often suffers from the issue of disposing hydrothermal carbonization aqueous products (HCAP). Based on the characterization and composition of acidic HCAP, a rice paddy soil column experiment was conducted to observe the effects of HCAP on ammonia (NH) volatilization form paddy soil and rice yield. The experiment was designed with five treatments. HCAPs were produced at 220 °C and (SHC220-L) and 260 °C (SHC260-L) derived from poplar sawdust, HCAP produced at 220 °C (WHC220-L) and 260 °C (WHC260-L) derived from wheat straw, and a control group without HCAP application (termed CKU hereafter). The results showed that HCAP treatments increased the rice yield by 4.30%-26.0% compared to CKU. HACPs prepared at lower temperatures (SHC220-L and WHC220-L) mitigated the cumulative NH volatilization by 11.2% and 7.6%, respectively, and mitigated yield-scale NH volatilization (cumulative NH volatilization/total yield) by 14.2% ∼ 22.4%. HCAP significantly improved the N use efficiency of rice. We found that the NH volatilization was related to NH-N concentration and pH of surface water, soil TOC and NH-N oxidation functional genes. This study implied that HCAP could be potentially used as a liquid fertilizer, which will be a potential substitute for chemical N fertilizers. There is still a long way before HCAP can be applied in full-scale for N fertilizer reduction and waste recycle.
水热碳化（HTC）被认为是一种绿色的生物质转化技术。然而，它常常面临处理水热碳化水相产物（HCAP）的问题。基于酸性 HCAP 的特性和组成，进行了稻田土柱实验，以观察 HCAP 对稻田氨（NH）挥发形态和水稻产量的影响。实验设计了五个处理。HCAPs 是在 220°C 和 260°C 下由杨木屑（SHC220-L 和 SHC260-L）和小麦秸秆（WHC220-L 和 WHC260-L）产生的，一个没有 HCAP 应用的对照组（简称 CKU）。结果表明，与 CKU 相比，HCAP 处理使水稻产量增加了 4.30%-26.0%。较低温度下制备的 HACPs（SHC220-L 和 WHC220-L）分别减轻了 11.2%和 7.6%的累积 NH 挥发，减轻了产量规模的 NH 挥发（累积 NH 挥发/总产量）14.2%~22.4%。HCAP 显著提高了水稻的氮利用效率。我们发现 NH 挥发与地表水的 NH-N 浓度和 pH、土壤 TOC 和 NH-N 氧化功能基因有关。本研究表明，HCAP 可作为液体肥料，是化学氮肥的潜在替代品。在 HCAP 能够全面应用于减少氮肥和废物回收之前，还有很长的路要走。
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