[智利老年人跌倒的相关因素。2009 - 2010年全国健康调查分析]
[Factors associated with falls in older adults in chile. Analysis of the National Health Survey 2009-2010].
作者信息
Leiva Ana María, Troncoso-Pantoja Claudia, Martínez-Sanguinetti María Adela, Petermann-Rocha Fanny, Poblete-Valderrama Felipe, Cigarroa-Cuevas Igor, Celis-Morales Carlos
机构信息
Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
出版信息
Rev Med Chil. 2019 Jul;147(7):877-886. doi: 10.4067/S0034-98872019000700877.
BACKGROUND
A decrease in functional capacity due to ageing is one of the main risk factors for falls in older people.
AIM
To investigate factors associated with falls in Chilean older adults.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We analyzed the self-reports of falls of 1,334 people aged ≥ 60 years who answered the National Health Survey 2009-2010. Falls during the last 12 months were recorded. Lifestyle, socio-demographic and health status were analyzed. A Poisson regression with robust variance estimates was performed to identify factors associated with falls.
RESULTS
Falls during the preceding year were reported by 37% of respondents (95% confidence intervals (CI): 32-42]. Fall frequency was higher in women (Prevalence ratio (PR):1.30 [95% CI:1.11; 1.53], p < 0.01) and those aged ≥ 75 years (PR:1.29 [95% CI:1.04; 1.61], p = 0.02). Hearing impairment (PR: 1.31 [95% CI: 1.07; 1.61], p < 0.01), impaired vision (PR:1.46 [95% CI:1.20; 1.77], p < 0.01), low self-reported wellbeing (PR: 1.41 [95% CI: 1.03; 1.94], p = 0.03) and disability (PR: 1.54 [95% CI:1.32; 1.79], p < 0.01) were associated with falls. However, multimorbidity (having ≥ 3 diseases) was negatively associated with falls (PR: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.63; 0.99], p = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
Among older people, female sex, being aged > 75 years and having disability, hearing or vision impairment are risk factors for falls.
背景
因衰老导致的身体机能下降是老年人跌倒的主要风险因素之一。
目的
调查智利老年人跌倒的相关因素。
材料与方法
我们分析了1334名年龄≥60岁且回答了2009 - 2010年国家健康调查的人群的跌倒自我报告。记录过去12个月内的跌倒情况。分析生活方式、社会人口统计学和健康状况。进行具有稳健方差估计的泊松回归以确定与跌倒相关的因素。
结果
37%的受访者报告了上一年的跌倒情况（95%置信区间(CI)：32 - 42）。女性的跌倒频率更高（患病率比(PR)：1.30 [95% CI：1.11；1.53]，p < 0.01）以及年龄≥75岁的人群（PR：1.29 [95% CI：1.04；1.61]，p = 0.02）。听力障碍（PR：1.31 [95% CI：1.07；1.61]，p < 0.01）、视力受损（PR：1.46 [95% CI：1.20；1.77]，p < 0.01）、自我报告的幸福感低（PR：1.41 [95% CI：1.03；1.94]，p = 0.03）和残疾（PR：1.54 [95% CI：1.32；1.79]，p < 0.01）与跌倒相关。然而，多种疾病并存（患有≥3种疾病）与跌倒呈负相关（PR：0.79 [95% CI：0.63；0.99]，p = 0.04）。
结论
在老年人中，女性、年龄>75岁以及有残疾、听力或视力障碍是跌倒的风险因素。
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