Environment and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Department of Water Resources, Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Center for Built Environment, The Built Environment Department, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
Sci Rep. 2019 Dec 20;9(1):19503. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55847-8.
The rapid development of urban areas can potentially alter hydro-meteorological fluxes and lead to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon. In this study, UHI intensity and its driving factors were estimated using the Community Land Model (CLM) in cities of Tokyo, Phoenix, Bandung, and Quito, with different landscapes and climates, as a step in risk assessment of urbanization phenomena. The UHI magnitude increased along with the ratio of the height to width (H/W) of urban canyons in cities with the same latitude, especially during the daytime, when Quito (Tokyo) had a higher UHI than Bandung (Phoenix). El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, such as El Niño and La Niña, contributed to UHI variability, during which the cities in the western (eastern) part of Pacific Ocean experienced a higher UHI during El Niño (La Niña). The UHI differences from total biophysical drivers between these events were highest in Tokyo during the daytime as a result of convection process, and in Phoenix during the nighttime due to the hot arid climate of the city. Our results suggest the need to consider climate variation beyond local site characteristics when mitigating heat stress and making decisions regarding urban development.
城市地区的快速发展可能会改变水-气象通量，并导致城市热岛（UHI）现象。在这项研究中，使用社区土地模型（CLM）估算了东京、凤凰城、万隆和基多等具有不同景观和气候的城市的 UHI 强度及其驱动因素，这是城市化现象风险评估的一个步骤。在具有相同纬度的城市中，随着城市峡谷的高度与宽度（H/W）之比的增加，UHI 幅度也随之增加，尤其是在白天，基多（东京）的 UHI 高于万隆（凤凰城）。厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（ENSO）事件，如厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜，导致了 UHI 的变化，在这些事件中，太平洋西部（东部）的城市在厄尔尼诺（拉尼娜）期间经历了更高的 UHI。在白天，由于对流过程，这些事件之间总生物物理驱动因素的 UHI 差异在东京最高，而在夜间，由于城市的炎热干旱气候，在凤凰城最高。我们的研究结果表明，在缓解热应激和做出城市发展决策时，需要考虑气候变化超出局部场地特征。
