Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
Plant Signal Behav. 2020;15(1):1704528. doi: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1704528. Epub 2019 Dec 22.
Abiotic stress is a major threat to plant growth and development, resulting in extensive crop loss worldwide. Plants react to abiotic stresses through physiological, biochemical, molecular, and genetic adaptations that promote survival. Exploring the molecular mechanisms involved in abiotic stress responses across various plant species is essential for improving crop yields in unfavorable environments. Halophytes are characterized as plants that survive to reproduce in soils containing high salt concentrations, and thus act as an ideal model to comprehend complicated genetic and physiological mechanisms of salinity stress tolerance. Plant ecologists classify halophytes into three main groups: euhalophytes, recretohalophytes, and pseudo-halophytes. Recent genetic and molecular research has showed complicated regulatory networks by which halophytes coordinate stress adaptation and tolerance. Furthermore, investigation of natural variations in these stress responses has supplied new perspectives on the evolution of mechanisms that regulate tolerance and adaptation. This review discusses the current understanding of the genetic mechanisms that contribute to salt-stress tolerance among different classes of halophytes.
非生物胁迫是植物生长和发育的主要威胁，导致全球范围内的大量作物损失。植物通过生理、生化、分子和遗传适应来应对非生物胁迫，以促进生存。探索不同植物物种中涉及非生物胁迫反应的分子机制对于在不利环境中提高作物产量至关重要。盐生植物的特点是在含有高盐浓度的土壤中能够存活并繁殖，因此它们是理解盐胁迫耐受复杂遗传和生理机制的理想模型。植物生态学家将盐生植物分为三大类：真盐生植物、中盐生植物和伪盐生植物。最近的遗传和分子研究表明，盐生植物通过复杂的调控网络来协调适应和耐受胁迫。此外，对这些应激反应的自然变异的研究为调节耐受和适应的机制的进化提供了新的视角。本综述讨论了不同盐生植物类群中与耐盐胁迫相关的遗传机制的最新认识。
