University of Bordeaux, EPOC, UMR 5805, Arcachon, France; CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, Talence, France.
Pôles d'études et de Recherche de Lacq, TOTAL, Lacq, France.
Aquat Toxicol. 2020 Feb;219:105381. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105381. Epub 2019 Dec 10.
Aquatic ecosystems are subject to many anthropogenic disturbances, and understanding their possible impacts is a real challenge. Developing approaches based on the behaviour of bivalve mollusks, an integrating marker of the state of the organisms, and therefore of their environment, is relevant, whether within a natural ecosystem or an ecosystem subject to industrial activities. The main objective of this study was to identify by HFNI Valvometry a reliable and reproducible clam behavioural response in the presence of crude oil in a multistress context. To closely replicate actual field conditions, Corbicula fluminea was exposed in outdoor artificial streams that were subject to natural variations and were continuously fed by fresh water from the Gave de Pau (S.W. France). After a period of 26 days in these artificial streams, the clams (n = 14-16 per condition) were separately exposed for 10 days to crude oil alone, crude oil and barium, crude oil and noise pollution, crude oil and turbidity pulses, barium alone, noise pollution alone, turbidity pulses alone or natural changes alone. The secondary objective was to characterize the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in 3 tissues (gills, adductor muscles and foot) in clams exposed for 10 days to crude oil alone or under multistress conditions (n = 5 clams per condition) and then to compare the accumulation and behaviour of clams under these conditions. The response of clams to crude oil alone or under multistress conditions was visually and statistically significant and not confounded by the other disturbances tested, despite large variations in water temperature. In the presence of crude oil, the behaviour of clams was characterized by an increase in valve-closure duration, a decrease in valve-opening amplitude and an increase in valve agitation index. In the presence of crude oil, the clam behaviour showed no direct relationship with PAH accumulation in the gills, adductor muscles or foot, although hypothetical mechanisms are discussed. This work supports the growing interest in studying the behaviour of bivalve mollusks in the context of biomonitoring of the aquatic environment surrounding oil facilities.
水生生态系统受到许多人为干扰，了解其可能产生的影响是一个真正的挑战。基于双壳贝类的行为开发方法，作为生物体状态的综合标志物，因此也是其环境的标志物，是相关的，无论是在自然生态系统还是受到工业活动影响的生态系统中。本研究的主要目的是通过 HFNI 阀测量法，在多压力环境中识别出存在原油时，蛤类行为的可靠且可重复的反应。为了更紧密地复制实际的野外条件，用 Corbicula fluminea 在户外人工溪流中进行了暴露实验，这些溪流受到自然变化的影响，并持续接受来自法国西南部 Gave de Pau 的淡水供应。在这些人工溪流中暴露 26 天后，将蛤（每个条件 14-16 只）分别单独暴露于原油、原油和钡、原油和噪声污染、原油和浊度脉冲、钡、噪声污染、浊度脉冲或自然变化 10 天。次要目标是表征在单独暴露于原油或多压力条件下（每个条件 5 只蛤）10 天后蛤类 3 种组织（鳃、闭壳肌和足部）中多环芳烃（PAH）的积累情况，并然后比较在这些条件下蛤类的积累和行为。蛤类对单独存在的原油或多压力条件的反应在视觉上和统计学上都是显著的，并且不受其他测试干扰的影响，尽管水温变化很大。在存在原油的情况下，蛤类的行为特征是瓣关闭时间延长、瓣开启幅度减小以及瓣搅动指数增加。在存在原油的情况下，蛤类的行为与鳃、闭壳肌或足部的 PAH 积累没有直接关系，尽管讨论了假设的机制。这项工作支持了在石油设施周围的水生环境生物监测背景下研究双壳贝类行为的兴趣日益增加。
