Guo Qiya, Yu Dongmei, Fang Hongyun, Xu Xiaoli, Yu Wentao, Zhao Liyun
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2019 Nov;48(6):902-906.
To estimate the early initiation of breastfeeding status of Chinese children aged less than 24 months and its influence factors.
Data of children aged less than 24 months old was collected from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2013. Subjects were selected form 55 survey sites of mainland China by the multilevel stratified equal proportional cluster random sampling and the final effective sample size was 14 825. Caregivers of children completed a feeding and health questionnaire, which included questions on whether the children were put to the breast within one hour of birth, influence factors and the initiation time of breastfeeding. Prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding, influence factors and time composition ratio of initiation of breastfeeding were calculated.
The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding of Chinese children under 2 years old in 2013 was 26. 4%, among which big cities, small and medium-sized cities, ordinary rural areas, povertystricken rural areas were 30. 1%、24. 1%、23. 2% and 36. 9%, respectively. Caesarean section was the most important factor affecting early breastfeeding of infants in big cities, small and medium-sized cities and ordinary rural areas, accounting for 40. 7%, 51. 5%and 33. 8%, respectively. The main influencing factor in poor rural areas was lack of early breast-feeding knowledge, accounting for 44. 6%. The prevalence of infants initiated breastfeeding 2 ± 23 hours after birth was 31. 0% and the prevalence of infants initiated breastfeeding ≥24 hours after birth was 35. 3%. In big cities, the prevalence of the two periods were 31. 2% and 33. 4%. In small and medium-sized cities, the prevalence were35. 4% and 34. 4%. In ordinary rural areas, the prevalence were 26. 9% and 42. 3%. In poverty-stricken rural areas, the prevalence were comparatively low, which were 29. 5%and 23. 5%, respectively.
The prevalence of early initiation of breastfeeding among infant aged less than 24 months is low in China. Caesarean section and lack of related knowledge were the main influencing factors in urban and rural areas respectively. Certain percentage of infants have severely delayed breast contact with their mothers and start breastfeeding.
评估中国24个月龄以下儿童的早期母乳喂养状况及其影响因素。
收集2013年中国营养与健康监测中24个月龄以下儿童的数据。通过多阶段分层等比例整群随机抽样，从中国大陆55个调查点选取研究对象，最终有效样本量为14825。儿童看护人完成一份喂养与健康问卷，内容包括儿童出生后1小时内是否进行母乳喂养、影响因素及母乳喂养开始时间等问题。计算早期母乳喂养的患病率、影响因素及母乳喂养开始时间的构成比。
2013年中国2岁以下儿童早期母乳喂养的患病率为26.4%，其中大城市、中小城市、普通农村、贫困农村分别为30.1%、24.1%、23.2%和36.9%。剖宫产是大城市、中小城市和普通农村地区影响婴儿早期母乳喂养的最重要因素，分别占40.7%、51.5%和33.8%。贫困农村地区的主要影响因素是缺乏早期母乳喂养知识，占44.6%。出生后2±23小时开始母乳喂养的婴儿患病率为31.0%，出生后≥24小时开始母乳喂养的婴儿患病率为35.3%。在大城市，这两个时期的患病率分别为31.2%和33.4%。在中小城市，患病率分别为35.4%和34.4%。在普通农村地区，患病率分别为26.9%和42.3%。在贫困农村地区，患病率相对较低，分别为29.5%和23.5%。
中国24个月龄以下婴儿的早期母乳喂养患病率较低。剖宫产和缺乏相关知识分别是城乡地区的主要影响因素。一定比例的婴儿与母亲的乳房接触严重延迟并开始母乳喂养。
