Traoré S I, Bilen M, Cadoret F, Khelaifia S, Million M, Raoult D, Lagier J C
IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France, Aix Marseille Univ., IRD, Mephi, 19-21, boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
Med Sante Trop. 2019 Nov 1;29(4):366-370. doi: 10.1684/mst.2019.0943.
The interest in studying gut microbiota has been rekindled with the advent of molecular techniques, in particular, metagenomics. Culturomics (high throughput microbial culture with identification of the colonies by Maldi-TOF) has demonstrated its complementarity with metagenomics for comprehensive study of the microbiota. The main metagenomic studies have revealed an increase in biodiversity, with in particular an increase of Spirochaetes and Prevotella in subjects of African origin compared with Western subjects. Studies on malnutrition have shown a reduction of all bacteria and in particular of anaerobic bacteria and methanogenic archaea. Of the 1,162 bacteria isolated by culturomics studies, 476 were isolated only from non-African samples, 445 were isolated in African and non-African groups, and 241 bacteria were isolated from samples of African origin including 68 new species. Further studies of African microbiota by culturomics and metagenomics will make it possible to assess whether some bacteria have particular specificities and if these might play a role in certain pathologies such as malnutrition.
随着分子技术尤其是宏基因组学的出现，对肠道微生物群研究的兴趣得以重新燃起。培养组学（通过基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱对菌落进行鉴定的高通量微生物培养）已证明其与宏基因组学在微生物群综合研究方面具有互补性。主要的宏基因组学研究表明生物多样性增加，特别是与西方受试者相比，非洲裔受试者体内的螺旋体和普雷沃菌有所增加。关于营养不良的研究显示所有细菌数量减少，尤其是厌氧菌和产甲烷古菌。在培养组学研究分离出的1162种细菌中，476种仅从非非洲样本中分离得到，445种在非洲和非非洲群体中均有分离，241种细菌从非洲裔样本中分离得到，其中包括68个新物种。通过培养组学和宏基因组学对非洲微生物群进行进一步研究，将有可能评估某些细菌是否具有特殊特异性，以及它们是否可能在诸如营养不良等某些疾病中发挥作用。
