Department of Entomology, University of Georgia Tifton Campus, Tifton, GA.
University of Georgia, Thomas County Extension, Thomasville, GA.
J Econ Entomol. 2020 Apr 6;113(2):882-886. doi: 10.1093/jee/toz349.
Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has been the most destructive insect pest of black-eyed peas or cowpeas, Vigna unguiculata L. (Fabales: Fabaceae), over the last century in the southeastern United States. The historical distribution of this semitropical pest suggests the likelihood that diapause plays a key role in the overwintering success in parts of the United States. However, this report is the first to document biological evidence for diapause in C. aeneus. Our study assessed larval emergence from cowpea pods in the summer to fall growing seasons, egg development in female adults over the first (summer) and second (fall) generations, and adult emergence from infested soil after the first and second generations. There was a clear reduction in larval emergence from summer to fall. Egg and follicle development in female C. aeneus dropped off dramatically by September of each year. There was an extended emergence pattern of weevil adults from the soil in the fall as compared to the summer generation. Any future regional management of cowpea curculio will have to take into account the ability of this insect to diapause, thereby increasing its capacity to overwinter in regions where the cowpea crop, a warm-season, semitropical plant, is terminated with winter freezing temperatures.
绿斑芫菁（Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman）（鞘翅目：芫菁科）在过去一个世纪一直是美国东南部豇豆（Vigna unguiculata L.）（豆目：豆科）的最具破坏性的虫害之一。这种半热带害虫的历史分布表明滞育在其在美国部分地区成功越冬中起着关键作用。然而，这是首次记录绿斑芫菁存在滞育现象的报告。我们的研究评估了豇豆豆荚中幼虫在夏季到秋季生长季节的出现情况、第一代（夏季）和第二代（秋季）雌性成虫卵的发育情况，以及第一代和第二代后受侵染土壤中成虫的出现情况。幼虫从夏季到秋季的出现明显减少。每年 9 月，雌性绿斑芫菁的卵和滤泡发育急剧下降。与夏季代相比，秋季成虫从土壤中出现的时间延长。任何未来对豇豆象甲的区域性管理都必须考虑到这种昆虫滞育的能力，从而增加其在豇豆作物（一种温暖季节、半热带植物）因冬季严寒而结束的地区越冬的能力。
