School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
Environ Res. 2020 Mar;182:109082. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109082. Epub 2019 Dec 26.
Restrictions of legacy brominated flame retardants, such as polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), have resulted in increased usage of alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs). Consequently, AHFRs contamination has caused a major concern in the scientific community. However, there is limited information on their presence in marine mussels. In this study, we investigated the occurrence and distribution of polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), AHFRs and dehalogenated products in green mussels collected from 22 locations in the northern South China Sea (SCS). Our results revealed that ∑AHFRs were ubiquitous in green mussels with concentrations in the range of 1.08-7.71 ng/g lipid weight (lw). Among target AHFRs, hexabromobenzene (HBB), decabromodiphenyl (DBDPE) and dechlorane plus (DP) were predominant with their mean values of 1.19, 1.00 and 0.82 ng/g lw, respectively. There were negligible stereoisomer enrichments of DP in green mussels based on f values, indicating a limited bioaccumulation and metabolism of DP in green mussels. In comparison with other locations, concentrations of the AHFRs in green mussels determined here were at moderate levels. Additionally, there were significant linear relationships between some AHFRs (e.g., HBB and PBEB), suggesting their similar commercial applications and sources in the environment. The estimated daily intakes of AHFRs through consumption of green mussels by the local population in South China were 0.05-0.14 ng/kg body weight/day and 0.17-0.44 ng/kg body weight/day based on the mean and 95th concentrations, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to report AHFRs and dehalogenated products in green mussels.
多溴二苯醚 (PBDE) 和多溴联苯 (PBB) 等传统溴化阻燃剂的限制导致了替代卤化阻燃剂 (AHFR) 的使用增加。因此，AHFR 的污染引起了科学界的极大关注。然而，关于它们在海洋贻贝中的存在的信息有限。在这项研究中，我们调查了从中国南海北部 22 个地点采集的贻贝中多溴联苯 (PBBs)、AHFRs 和脱卤产物的存在和分布。我们的结果表明，∑AHFRs 在贻贝中普遍存在，浓度范围为 1.08-7.71ng/g 脂质重量（lw）。在所研究的 AHFR 中，六溴苯 (HBB)、十溴联苯醚 (DBDPE) 和十氯二苯并对二恶英 (DP) 是主要的，其平均值分别为 1.19、1.00 和 0.82ng/g lw。基于 f 值，贻贝中 DP 的立体异构体没有明显的富集，表明 DP 在贻贝中的生物积累和代谢有限。与其他地点相比，这里确定的贻贝中 AHFRs 的浓度处于中等水平。此外，一些 AHFRs（例如 HBB 和 PBEB）之间存在显著的线性关系，表明它们在环境中具有相似的商业应用和来源。根据平均值和 95%浓度，通过食用贻贝摄入的 AHFRs 对中国南方当地居民的日摄入量分别为 0.05-0.14ng/kg 体重/天和 0.17-0.44ng/kg 体重/天。据我们所知，本研究首次报道了贻贝中的 AHFRs 和脱卤产物。
