阴茎癌的风险因素和分子特征：对预后的影响和全身治疗的潜在靶点。
Risk factors and molecular characterization of penile cancer: impact on prognosis and potential targets for systemic therapy.
机构信息
Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, Mainz University Medicine, Mainz, Germany.
Department of Urology, University Hospitals, Leuven, Belgium.
出版信息
Curr Opin Urol. 2020 Mar;30(2):202-207. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000712.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To provide a comprehensive summary of risk factors, molecular machinery as well as potential therapeutic targets with a particular focus on literature published in the last 2 years on prognosis and treatment of penile cancer (PeCa).
RECENT FINDINGS
E2F, LAMC2, MAML2, ID1 and IGFBP2 proteins were demonstrated to play a critical role for aggressive tumor behavior and might predict poor survival in PeCa. PD-L1 axis was confirmed as a promising pathway to serve as a therapeutic target. A number of genetic alterations were illuminated. In clinical testing, pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor dacomitinib provided promising results in chemo-naïve and EGFR monoantibody nimotuzumab in chemotherapy-failed PeCa patients.
SUMMARY
Knowledge of prognosis-relevant altered molecular pathways in PeCa is expanding paving the way for identification of potential therapeutic targets. Multicenter clinical trials in the setting of centralized PeCa care are warranted to foster effective marker-based individualized treatment strategies.
目的综述
提供全面的危险因素、分子机制综述，特别关注过去 2 年在阴茎癌（PeCa）预后和治疗方面的文献，以提供全面的危险因素、分子机制综述。
最近的发现
E2F、LAMC2、MAML2、ID1 和 IGFBP2 蛋白被证明在侵袭性肿瘤行为中起关键作用，并可能预测 PeCa 的不良生存。PD-L1 轴被证实是一个很有前途的治疗靶点。许多遗传改变被阐明。在临床测试中，泛 HER 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂达克替尼在化疗初治和 EGFR 单克隆抗体尼妥珠单抗在化疗失败的 PeCa 患者中提供了有希望的结果。
总结
PeCa 中与预后相关的改变分子途径的知识正在扩展，为确定潜在的治疗靶点铺平了道路。在集中 PeCa 护理的基础上进行多中心临床试验，对于促进有效的基于标志物的个体化治疗策略是必要的。
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