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Psychopathological, temperamental, and characteristic factors in adults with remaining childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms.成年期仍存在儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍症状者的精神病理学、气质和特征因素。
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CNS Spectr. 2017 Feb;22(1):22-30. doi: 10.1017/S1092852915000875. Epub 2016 Sep 29.
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Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and its association with substance use and substance use disorders in young men.成人注意缺陷多动障碍及其与年轻男性物质使用和物质使用障碍的关联。
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酒精使用障碍男性住院患者中注意力缺陷多动障碍与防御方式及回避伤害的关系。

Relationships of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with defense styles and harm avoidance among male inpatients with alcohol use disorder.

作者信息

Evren Cuneyt, Cicikci Elvan, Umut Gokhan, Evren Bilge, Durmus Kubra

机构信息

Alcohol and Drug Research, Treatment and Training Center (AMATEM), Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkey.

Department of Psychiatry, Baltalimani State Hospital for Muskuloskeletal Disorders, Istanbul, Turkey.

出版信息

Indian J Psychiatry. 2019 Nov-Dec;61(6):584-591. doi: 10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_318_18.

DOI:10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_318_18
PMID:31896864
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6863000/
Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) use immature defense styles, and AUD is related with adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Harm avoidance (HA) is related with both AUD and particularly inattentiveness (IN) dimension of ADHD.

AIM

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of defense styles with probable ADHD and severity of ADHD symptoms while controlling the effect of HA among male inpatients with AUD.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN

The present study with cross-sectional design was conducted at the Alcohol and Drug Research, Treatment and Training Center (AMATEM) of Bakirkoy Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry Neurology and Neurosurgery in Istanbul.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Chi-square test, independent samples -test, multiple logistic and linear regression analyses, and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Participants ( = 151) were evaluated with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, the Defense Style Questionnaire, and the HA Dimension of the Temperament and Character Inventory.

RESULTS

HA (particularly HA-1 [anticipatory worry and pessimism]) and immature defense style (particularly acting out) predicted the presence of probable ADHD. In linear regression analysis, HA (particularly HA-1 and HA-4 [fatigability and asthenia]), high immature (particularly acting out), and low mature defense styles predicted the severity of ADHD symptoms. In MANCOVA, immature defense style predicted both the IN and the hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) dimensions of ADHD, whereas HA and IN dimension and low mature defense style predicted HI dimension.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings suggest that immature defense style (i.e., acting out) is related with both the presence of probable ADHD and severity of ADHD symptoms, together with HA, which must be taken into account while treating patients with ADHD among male populations with AUD.

摘要

引言

酒精使用障碍（AUD）患者采用不成熟的防御方式，且AUD与成人注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）有关。回避伤害（HA）与AUD相关，尤其与ADHD的注意力不集中（IN）维度有关。

目的

本研究旨在评估在控制HA影响的情况下，防御方式与可能存在的ADHD及ADHD症状严重程度之间的关系，研究对象为患有AUD的男性住院患者。

设置与设计

本研究采用横断面设计，在伊斯坦布尔巴基尔科伊精神病学、神经病学和神经外科培训与研究医院的酒精和药物研究、治疗与培训中心（AMATEM）进行。

统计分析

采用卡方检验、独立样本t检验、多元逻辑回归和线性回归分析以及多变量协方差分析（MANCOVA）。

材料与方法

使用成人ADHD自我报告量表、防御方式问卷以及气质与性格量表的回避伤害维度对151名参与者进行评估。

结果

HA（尤其是HA-1[预期性担忧和悲观主义]）和不成熟防御方式（尤其是付诸行动）预示可能存在ADHD。在线性回归分析中，HA（尤其是HA-1和HA-4[易疲劳和乏力]）、高度不成熟（尤其是付诸行动）以及低度成熟防御方式预示ADHD症状的严重程度。在多变量协方差分析中，不成熟防御方式预示ADHD的IN维度和多动/冲动（HI）维度，而HA和IN维度以及低度成熟防御方式预示HI维度。

结论

这些发现表明，不成熟防御方式（即付诸行动）与可能存在的ADHD及其症状严重程度均相关，同时还与HA有关，在治疗患有AUD的男性人群中的ADHD患者时必须将此因素考虑在内。