School of Psychology, University of Kent, UK.
Department of Psychology, Durham University, UK.
Br J Psychol. 2020 Nov;111(4):683-701. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12433. Epub 2020 Jan 3.
Self-reported experiences are often poor indicators of outward expressions. Here we examine social power as a variable that may impact the relationship between self-reported affect and facial expressions. Earlier studies addressing this issue were limited by focusing on a single facial expression (smiling) and by using different, less sensitive methods that yielded mostly null results. Sampling, for the first time, self-reported affect repeatedly in response to different negative, neutral and positive stimuli, and measuring concurrent facial muscle activation via electromyography, we found that high power (vs. baseline) increased the correspondence between self-reported positive affect and smiling. There was also an indication that high power (vs. baseline) bolstered the association between self-reported negative affect and frowning but the effect did not pass more stringent criteria for significance (p ≤ .005) and was therefore deemed inconclusive. The prediction that low power (vs. baseline) decreases the correspondence between self-reported affect and smiling and frowning facial expressions was not supported. Taken together, it would appear that (high) power can impact the relationship between self-reported affect and facial expressions, but it remains to be seen whether this effect extends beyond smiling facial expressions.
自我报告的体验往往是外在表现的不良指标。在这里，我们研究了社会权力作为一个可能影响自我报告的情感和面部表情之间关系的变量。早期研究这个问题的局限性在于，只关注单一的面部表情（微笑），并使用不同的、不那么敏感的方法，这些方法主要产生了无效的结果。通过首次对不同的负面、中性和正面刺激反复进行自我报告的情感采样，并通过肌电图测量同时的面部肌肉激活，我们发现高权力（与基线相比）增加了自我报告的积极情感和微笑之间的一致性。还有迹象表明，高权力（与基线相比）增强了自我报告的消极情感与皱眉之间的关联，但该效应没有通过更严格的显著性标准（p≤.005），因此被认为没有定论。低权力（与基线相比）降低自我报告的情感与微笑和皱眉面部表情之间一致性的预测没有得到支持。总的来说，似乎（高）权力可以影响自我报告的情感和面部表情之间的关系，但这种效应是否会扩展到微笑面部表情之外，还有待观察。
