Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Division for Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Scand J Public Health. 2021 Aug;49(6):616-627. doi: 10.1177/1403494819896878. Epub 2020 Jan 9.
Nordic countries share fairly similar food culture and geographical location as well as common nutrition recommendations. The aim of this paper was to review the latest data on vitamin D status and intake and to describe the national supplementation and food fortification policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries. The data are based on results derived from a literature search presented in a workshop held in Helsinki in November 2018 and completed by recent studies. Vitamin D policies and the implementation of the recommendations differ among the Nordic countries. Vitamin D fortification policies can be mandatory or voluntary and widespread, moderate or non-existent. Vitamin D supplementation recommendations differ, ranging from all age groups being advised to take supplements to only infants. In the general adult population of the Nordic countries, vitamin D status and intake are better than in the risk groups that are not consuming vitamin D supplements or foods containing vitamin D. Non-Western immigrant populations in all Nordic countries share the problem of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency.
北欧国家的饮食文化、地理位置以及营养建议都较为相似。本文旨在综述北欧国家维生素 D 现状、摄入量最新数据,并描述各国为保证维生素 D 摄入量充足而采取的补充剂和食品强化政策。这些数据基于 2018 年 11 月在赫尔辛基举办的研讨会文献检索结果,并结合近期研究进行了补充。北欧各国的维生素 D 政策和建议执行情况有所不同。维生素 D 强化政策可以是强制性的,也可以是自愿性的,范围可以很广,也可以适度或不存在。维生素 D 补充建议也有所不同,从建议所有年龄段人群服用补充剂,到仅建议婴儿服用补充剂。在北欧各国的普通成年人群中,维生素 D 状况和摄入量好于不服用维生素 D 补充剂或含维生素 D 食物的风险人群。所有北欧国家的非西方移民群体都存在维生素 D 不足或缺乏的问题。