Hostachy Camille, Couzi Philippe, Portemer Guillaume, Hanafi-Portier Melissa, Murmu Meena, Deisig Nina, Dacher Matthieu
CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institute for Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Sorbonne Universite, Universite Paris Est Creteil, Paris, France.
Front Physiol. 2019 Dec 20;10:1518. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01518. eCollection 2019.
In several insects, sex-pheromones are essential for reproduction and reproductive isolation. Pheromones generally elicit stereotyped behaviors. In moths, these are attraction to conspecific sex-pheromone sources and deterrence for heterospecific sex-pheromone. Contrasting with these innate behaviors, some results in social insects point toward effects of non-sex-pheromones on perception and learning. We report the effects of sex-pheromone pre-exposure on gustatory perception and habituation (a non-associative learning) in male moths, a non-social insect. We also studied the effect of Z5-decenyl acetate (Z5), a compound of the sex-pheromone of the related species . We hypothesized that conspecific sex-pheromone and Z5 would have opposite effects. Pre-exposure to either the conspecific sex-pheromone or Z5 lasted 15 min and was done either immediately or 24 h before the experiments, using their solvent alone (hexane) as control. In a sucrose responsiveness assay, pre-exposure to the conspecific sex-pheromone had no effect on the dose-response curve at either delays. By contrast, Z5 slightly improved sucrose responsiveness 15 min but not 24 h after pre-exposure. Interestingly, the conspecific sex-pheromone and Z5 had time-dependent effects on gustatory habituation: pre-exposing the moths with Z5 hindered learning after immediate but not 24-h pre-exposure, whereas pre-exposure to the conspecific sex-pheromone hindered learning at 24-h but not immediate pre-exposure. They did not have opposite effects. This is the first time a sex-pheromone is reported to affect learning in a non-social insect. The difference in modulation between conspecific sex-pheromone and Z5 suggests that con- and hetero-specific sex-pheromones act on plasticity through different cerebral pathways.
在几种昆虫中，性信息素对于繁殖和生殖隔离至关重要。信息素通常会引发刻板行为。在蛾类中，这些行为包括对同种异性信息素源的吸引以及对异种异性信息素的排斥。与这些先天行为形成对比的是，一些社会性昆虫的研究结果表明非性信息素对感知和学习有影响。我们报告了性信息素预暴露对雄性蛾（一种非社会性昆虫）味觉感知和习惯化（一种非联想学习）的影响。我们还研究了相关物种性信息素的一种化合物——乙酸Z5-癸烯酯（Z5）的影响。我们假设同种性信息素和Z5会产生相反的效果。对同种性信息素或Z5的预暴露持续15分钟，在实验前立即或24小时进行，仅使用它们的溶剂（己烷）作为对照。在蔗糖反应性测定中，对同种性信息素的预暴露在两个延迟时间下对剂量反应曲线均无影响。相比之下，Z5在预暴露后15分钟轻微改善了蔗糖反应性，但在24小时后没有。有趣的是，同种性信息素和Z5对味觉习惯化有时间依赖性影响：用Z5预暴露蛾类在立即预暴露后但不是24小时预暴露后会阻碍学习，而对同种性信息素的预暴露在24小时预暴露时但不是立即预暴露时会阻碍学习。它们并没有产生相反的效果。这是首次报道性信息素会影响非社会性昆虫的学习。同种性信息素和Z5在调节上的差异表明同种和异种性信息素通过不同的脑通路作用于可塑性。
