Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, PO Box 170, Lidcombe, NSW 1825, Australia.
Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, PO Box 1988, Saudi Arabia.
J Sport Health Sci. 2020 Jan;9(1):96-101. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2019.07.009. Epub 2019 Jul 25.
Up to 74% of people with a history of ankle sprain develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). One commonly reported residual impairment is ankle pain; however, it has not been included in models or inclusion criteria for CAI. We investigated the prevalence of pain in people with CAI and the association between presence of pain and other CAI characteristics.
Retrospective data from 1147 participants with CAI (age 26.6 ± 10.7 years, 59% female) were collated from previous studies that used the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool as an assessment tool. Pain was assessed from Item 1 of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, which asks participants about ankle pain. Responses were divided into 3 categories: pain during daily activities, pain during moderate/vigorous physical activities, and no pain. The presence of pain was analyzed with descriptive statistics, the correlation between pain category and CAI characteristics was analyzed by tests and factors associated with each pain category were analyzed by logistic regression.
Among the participants, 60.1% ( = 689) reported ankle pain. Of all participants, 12.4% ( = 142) reported pain during daily activities, 47.7% ( = 547) reported pain during moderate/vigorous physical activities, and 39.9% ( = 458) reported no pain. There was a strong association between ankle instability and ankle pain ( = 122.2, < 0.001, OR = 5.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.84-7.53). Perceived ankle instability, age and unilateral ankle sprains were independently associated with pain (ankle instability: = 43.29, < 0.001; age: = 30.37, < 0.001; unilateral ankle sprains: = 6.25, < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the presence of pain between genders.
The prevalence of pain in people with CAI was high and was related to perceived ankle instability. Number of sprains, age, gender and unilateral or bilateral sprain did not modify this result except for the first pain category (pain during daily activities). There is large gap in current knowledge about the impact of pain in people with CAI, and this topic needs further investigation.
多达 74%有踝关节扭伤史的人会发展为慢性踝关节不稳定（CAI）。一种常见的残留损伤是踝关节疼痛；然而，它并未包含在 CAI 的模型或纳入标准中。我们调查了 CAI 患者的疼痛患病率，以及疼痛与其他 CAI 特征之间的关系。
从先前使用 Cumberland 踝关节不稳定工具作为评估工具的研究中整理了 1147 名 CAI 患者（年龄 26.6±10.7 岁，59%为女性）的回顾性数据。疼痛是通过 Cumberland 踝关节不稳定工具的第 1 项评估的，该评估询问参与者有关踝关节疼痛的问题。回答分为 3 类：日常活动时疼痛、剧烈/剧烈身体活动时疼痛和无疼痛。使用描述性统计分析疼痛的存在，通过卡方检验分析疼痛类别与 CAI 特征之间的相关性，通过逻辑回归分析与每个疼痛类别相关的因素。
在参与者中，60.1%（689 人）报告踝关节疼痛。在所有参与者中，12.4%（142 人）报告日常活动时疼痛，47.7%（547 人）报告剧烈/剧烈身体活动时疼痛，39.9%（458 人）报告无疼痛。踝关节不稳定与踝关节疼痛之间存在很强的关联（ = 122.2， < 0.001，OR = 5.38，95%置信区间（CI）：3.84-7.53）。感知的踝关节不稳定、年龄和单侧踝关节扭伤与疼痛独立相关（踝关节不稳定： = 43.29， < 0.001；年龄： = 30.37， < 0.001；单侧踝关节扭伤： = 6.25， < 0.05）。性别之间疼痛的存在没有显著差异。
CAI 患者疼痛的患病率较高，与感知的踝关节不稳定有关。扭伤次数、年龄、性别以及单侧或双侧扭伤除外（日常活动时疼痛的第一类），均不能改变这一结果。目前关于 CAI 患者疼痛影响的知识存在很大差距，这一问题需要进一步研究。
