Olesov E E, Kaganova O S, Novozemceva T N, Shmatov K V, Olesova V N, Ivanov A S
Clinical Centre of Dentistry of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
Academy for Postgraduate Education of Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
Stomatologiia (Mosk). 2019;98(6):65-71. doi: 10.17116/stomat20199806165.
To analyze the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment in 7-9 years old children, dental status in children residents of Moscow was compared with 15-17 years adolescents with completed bite formation.
The adolescents were divided into two groups: those who received orthodontic treatment during the mixed dentition period and those who did not receive the treatment. A WHO survey chart was used to assess the dental status of children (WHO, 2013) with additional section 'Dentoalveolar anomalies'. DMFT and DMFT+dft, OHI-S, CPI, PAR, Little irregularity index and DAI were assessed in all groups. The need for dental and orthodontic treatment was calculated.
Dental morbidity in Moscow children during the mixed dentition period was characterized by a high prevalence of caries (92.0%) with an intensity of 1.67±0.03, the 17.0% prevalence of premature teeth loss and dentoalveolar anomalies in 73.9% of children with a combination of anomalies in 60.8% of children. Orthodontic treatment in the mixed dentition period is associated with systematic professional control and by the age of 15 years results in two-fold reduction in the intensity of caries and periodontal disease, proper detection of poor hygiene and the lower prevalence of abnormal positioning of the teeth (crowding and misalignment of teeth) and the improvement of dental arches ratio (completely eliminating cross-bite). At the same time early orthodontic treatment has no significant effect on the prevalence of tooth rotation, interdental spaces, deep, open, distal, mesial occlusion and displacement of dental arches.
Orthodontic treatment of children during the mixed dentition period is indicated in cases of crowding and displacement of teeth, as well as cross-bite; with respect to other types of dentoalveolar anomalies, early orthodontic treatment is only justified by the severe impact of dentoalveolar anomalies on psychological and functional indicators.
为分析7至9岁儿童正畸治疗的效果，将莫斯科儿童居民的牙齿状况与咬合已完成形成的15至17岁青少年进行比较。
将青少年分为两组：在混合牙列期接受正畸治疗的青少年和未接受治疗的青少年。使用世界卫生组织（WHO）调查表评估儿童的牙齿状况（WHO，2013年），并增加“牙列牙槽异常”部分。在所有组中评估DMFT和DMFT + dft、OHI-S、CPI、PAR、Little不规则指数和DAI。计算牙齿和正畸治疗的需求。
莫斯科儿童在混合牙列期的牙齿发病率特点为龋齿患病率高（92.0%），强度为1.67±0.03，17.0%的儿童有过早牙齿脱落，73.9%的儿童有牙列牙槽异常，60.8%的儿童有多种异常合并。混合牙列期的正畸治疗与系统的专业控制相关，到15岁时，龋齿和牙周疾病的强度降低两倍，能正确检测出卫生状况差的情况，牙齿异常定位（牙齿拥挤和排列不齐）的患病率降低，牙弓比例得到改善（完全消除反咬合）。同时，早期正畸治疗对牙齿扭转、牙间隙、深覆合、开合、远中、近中咬合及牙弓移位的患病率没有显著影响。
在牙齿拥挤、移位以及反咬合的情况下，建议对混合牙列期的儿童进行正畸治疗；对于其他类型的牙列牙槽异常，只有当牙列牙槽异常对心理和功能指标有严重影响时，早期正畸治疗才合理。
