Head of Environment and Participation in Community Laboratory; Head of Undergraduate Studies and Deputy Chair of School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
Head of the Neuro-Developmental Disabilities and Writing Research Laboratory, the School of Occupational Therapy, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.
Phys Occup Ther Pediatr. 2020;40(5):582-594. doi: 10.1080/01942638.2020.1711845. Epub 2020 Jan 13.
To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Structured Preschool Participation Observation (SPO), based on the COnsensus-based-Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments. The SPO development was based on biopsychosocial and ecological models to evaluate children's participation in play, learning and social occupational areas.
Following the establishment of content validity, construct validity using factor analysis and reliability were examined among 250 preschool children with typical development (TD). The known-groups procedure was used, comparing 88 children with developmental disabilities (DD), who attended special educational settings with the TD children.
Three factors accounted for 68% of the variance. High internal consistency (alpha>.812) was found, as well as a significant moderate-to-high inter-rater reliability in most areas. Children with TD scored significantly higher than children with DD with small to large effect sizes.
The SPO appears to be a suitable measure for assessing children's participation in preschool activities through structured observation. Further studies are needed to further establish its psychometric properties, along with using additional scales of enjoyment and/or involvement and self-care activities. The SPO may assist in generating intervention goals for children with limitations in participation and may complement information gathered from parents.
基于共识标准选择健康测量工具，评估结构化学前参与观察（SPO）的有效性和可靠性。SPO 的开发基于心理生物社会和生态模型，以评估儿童在游戏、学习和社会职业领域的参与情况。
在确立内容有效性之后，使用因子分析对 250 名具有典型发育（TD）的学龄前儿童进行了结构有效性和可靠性检验。采用已知组程序，将在特殊教育环境中接受教育的 88 名发育障碍（DD）儿童与 TD 儿童进行比较。
三个因素解释了 68%的方差。在大多数领域都发现了较高的内部一致性（alpha>.812）和中等到高度的评分者间可靠性。TD 儿童的得分明显高于 DD 儿童，具有从小到中的效应量。
SPO 似乎是一种通过结构化观察评估儿童参与学前活动的合适方法。需要进一步研究以进一步确定其心理测量特性，并使用额外的享受和/或参与以及自我护理活动量表。SPO 可以帮助为参与受限的儿童制定干预目标，并补充从父母那里收集的信息。
