Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana.
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana.
Public Health. 2020 Apr;181:40-45. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2019.11.022. Epub 2020 Jan 12.
To determine the uptake of mammography among Ghanaian women aged 40 years or older and to examine critical risk factors that influence the uptake.
A cross-sectional survey.
A nationally representative sample of 2787 women and 1948 men aged ≥18 years were surveyed in the Wave 2 (2014-2015) of the World Health Organization's multicountry study on AGEing and adult health in Ghana. Of the 2787 women aged ≥18 years, data on a total of 2301 women aged ≥40 years were included in this study. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to examine critical risk factors for mammogram examination.
Of the 2301 women sampled, only 83 (3.61%) ever had mammogram. The odds of mammogram examination were lower for women aged ≥70 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19, 0.93), being self-employed (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.42) and being informal sector employee (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.57) in the multivariable analyses. Belonging to the Ewe ethnic group (OR=3.41, 95% CI:1.88, 6.16) compared to the Akan group was associated with increased odds of mammogram examination in the multivariable analysis. Women aged ≥70 years, being self-employed, being an informal employee and belonging to the Ewe ethnic group were independently associated with mammography examination.
The prevalence of screening for breast cancer using mammography among Ghanaian women aged 40 years and older was 3.6%. Age, type of employer and ethnicity were associated with an older adult woman's likelihood to access mammography screening. Overall, our study provided critical data to encourage and promote good health-seeking behaviour in terms of breast cancer screening among older adult women. Further qualitative studies are warranted to explore why some of these factors influence mammography.
确定加纳 40 岁及以上女性进行乳房 X 光检查的情况，并研究影响这一情况的关键危险因素。
横断面调查。
在加纳进行的世界卫生组织多国家老龄化和成人健康研究的第 2 波（2014-2015 年）中，对 2787 名 18 岁及以上的女性和 1948 名男性进行了全国代表性抽样调查。在 2787 名 18 岁及以上的女性中，本研究纳入了 2301 名年龄≥40 岁的女性的数据。采用单变量和多变量逻辑回归模型来研究乳房 X 光检查的关键危险因素。
在抽取的 2301 名女性中，仅有 83 名（3.61%）曾进行过乳房 X 光检查。在多变量分析中，年龄≥70 岁（比值比[OR]0.42，95%置信区间[CI]：0.19，0.93）、个体经营者（OR=0.21，95%CI：0.11，0.42）和非正规部门雇员（OR=0.26，95%CI：0.12，0.57）的女性进行乳房 X 光检查的可能性较低。与阿坎族相比，属于埃维族（OR=3.41，95%CI：1.88，6.16）的女性进行乳房 X 光检查的可能性更大。在多变量分析中，年龄≥70 岁、个体经营者、非正规部门雇员和埃维族与乳房 X 光检查独立相关。
加纳 40 岁及以上女性进行乳腺癌筛查的乳房 X 光检查率为 3.6%。年龄、雇主类型和种族与老年女性接受乳房 X 光筛查的可能性相关。总的来说，我们的研究提供了关键数据，鼓励和促进老年女性进行乳腺癌筛查的良好健康行为。需要进一步进行定性研究，以探讨为什么这些因素会影响乳房 X 光检查。
