Mycology Department, INEI (Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas) "Dr. C. G. Malbrán," ANLIS (Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Mycology Department, INEI (Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas) "Dr. C. G. Malbrán," ANLIS (Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Rev Argent Microbiol. 2020 Jul-Sep;52(3):183-188. doi: 10.1016/j.ram.2019.07.005. Epub 2020 Jan 14.
The aim of this work was to know the frequency and geographical distribution of genotypes and mating types of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes isolated from human infections in Argentina during the period from April 2009 to April 2011. A multicenter study was conducted, in which 372 isolates were obtained from 61 laboratories throughout the country. Of those, 98.8% of the isolates belonged to the C. neoformans species complex and 1.1% to the C. gattii species complex. Genotype VNI (MATα) was the most frequently isolated (n=326, 87.6%), followed by VNII (MATα) (n=22, 5.9%), the recently described VNII-VNIV (aADα) hybrid (n=14, 3.8%), VNIV (MATα) (n=4, 1.1%), VNIII (αADa) hybrid (n=1, 0.3%), and VNIII (αADα) hybrid (n=1, 0.3%). The Argentine Central region showed the greatest number of cases and genotype diversity. Interestingly, a relative high frequency was observed in genotype VNII (MATα) in the Cuyo, Northeast and Northwest regions and, also in VNII-VNIV (aADα) hybrids in the Northwest region. C. gattii species complex was isolated at a low rate; 3 VGI (MATα) and 1 VGII (MATα) isolates were obtained from the Northwest and Central regions. In conclusion, this study shows that genotype frequencies seem to vary among regions in Argentina and reveals a relatively high frequency of rare hybrids in the Northwest region. Further regional clinical and environmental studies may help to elucidate if those variations in frequencies are associated with the existence of regional ecological niches or any other regional factors.
本研究旨在了解 2009 年 4 月至 2011 年 4 月期间阿根廷人类感染源分离的新型隐球菌和格特隐球菌复合种的基因型和交配型的频率及地理分布。开展了一项多中心研究，从全国 61 个实验室共获得 372 株分离株。其中，98.8%的分离株属于新型隐球菌复合种，1.1%属于格特隐球菌复合种。VNⅠ型（MATα）是最常分离到的基因型（n=326，87.6%），其次是 VNⅡ型（MATα）（n=22，5.9%）、最近描述的 VNⅡ-VNⅣ（aADα）杂种（n=14，3.8%）、VNⅣ型（MATα）（n=4，1.1%）、VNⅢ型（αADa）杂种（n=1，0.3%）和 VNⅢ型（αADα）杂种（n=1，0.3%）。阿根廷中心地区病例数和基因型多样性最高。有趣的是，在库约、东北和西北地区，VNⅡ型（MATα）和在西北地区 VNⅡ-VNIV（aADα）杂种的相对频率较高。格特隐球菌复合种的分离率较低；从西北和中心地区分别获得 3 株 VGI（MATα）和 1 株 VGⅡ（MATα）。总之，本研究表明，基因型频率在阿根廷各地区似乎存在差异，并显示西北地区稀有杂种的相对高频率。进一步的区域临床和环境研究可能有助于阐明这些频率变化是否与区域生态位的存在或任何其他区域因素有关。
