Raynal Lucas, Clément Evelyne, Sander Emmanuel
Paragraphe Lab, University of Cergy-Pontoise, Avenue Marcel Paul, 92230 Gennevilliers, France.
IDEA Lab, University of Geneva, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Boulevard du Pont-d'Arve, 1211 Genève, Switzerland.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2020 Feb;203:102989. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102989. Epub 2020 Jan 18.
In the present study, we tested the assumption that structural similarity overcomes surface similarity in the retrieval of past events, by observing whether structural similarity alone is a better cue than surface similarity alone. To do so, in four story-recall experiments, we provided the participants with multiple source stories and then with a target cue story. This target cue only shared either surface or structural similarity with the source stories. In Experiment 1A, a Superficially Similar Disanalog source story (SSD) and a Superficially Dissimilar Analog source story (SDA) were presented among Superficially Dissimilar Disanalog source stories (SDDs). A soundness rating task was used in Experiment 1B to control the absence of structural similarity among the SSDs presented in Experiment 1A. In Experiment 2, the number of SSDs was increased in the aim to reproduce more ecological conditions. In two further experiments, a five minute (Experiment 3) and a 45 minute (Experiment 4) delay was introduced, and supplementary source stories were presented, in order to make the study more similar to previous story-recall paradigms. The results of the four story-recall experiments support the dominance of structural over surface similarities in analogical retrieval. The role of a structurally-based access regarding the retrieval of Superficially Similar Analogs (SSAs) and SDAs is discussed, as well as the factors underlying the rare occurrence of SDAs retrievals in previous experiments.
在本研究中，我们通过观察仅结构相似性是否比仅表面相似性是更好的线索，来检验在过去事件检索中结构相似性克服表面相似性这一假设。为此，在四项故事回忆实验中，我们先为参与者提供多个源故事，然后提供一个目标线索故事。这个目标线索仅与源故事共享表面或结构相似性。在实验1A中，在表面不相似的非类比源故事（SDD）中呈现一个表面相似的非类比源故事（SSD）和一个表面不相似的类比源故事（SDA）。实验1B中使用了一个合理性评级任务，以控制实验1A中呈现的SSD之间不存在结构相似性。在实验2中，增加了SSD的数量，以重现更符合实际的条件。在另外两项实验中，引入了5分钟（实验3）和45分钟（实验4）的延迟，并呈现了补充源故事，以使研究更类似于以往的故事回忆范式。四项故事回忆实验的结果支持了在类比检索中结构相似性优于表面相似性的观点。讨论了基于结构的检索对于表面相似类比（SSA）和SDA检索的作用，以及以往实验中SDA检索罕见的潜在因素。
