Department of Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, and.
Department of Neuroscience, Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
J Neurosci. 2020 Jan 22;40(4):720-725. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1306-19.2019.
ACh is a signaling molecule in the mammalian CNS, with well-documented influence over cognition and behavior. However, the nature of cholinergic signaling in the brain remains controversial, with ongoing debates focused on the spatial and temporal resolution of ACh activity. Generally, opposing views have embraced a dichotomy between transmission as slow and volume-mediated versus fast and synaptic. Here, we provide the perspective that ACh, like most other neurotransmitters, exhibits both fast and slow modes that are strongly determined by the anatomy of cholinergic fibers, the distribution and the signaling mechanisms of receptor subtypes, and the dynamics of ACh hydrolysis. Current methodological approaches remain limited in their ability to provide detailed analyses of these underlying factors. However, we believe that the continued development of novel technologies in combination with a more nuanced view of cholinergic activity will open critical new avenues to a better understanding of ACh in the brain. Forebrain Cholinergic Signaling: Wired and Phasic, Not Tonic, and Causing Behavior, by Martin Sarter and Cindy Lustig.
乙酰胆碱（ACh）是哺乳动物中枢神经系统中的一种信号分子，其对认知和行为有着明确的影响。然而，脑内胆碱能信号的本质仍然存在争议，目前的争论焦点集中在 ACh 活性的时空分辨率上。通常，对立的观点将胆碱能传递分为缓慢的、容积介导的和快速的、突触传递的两种模式。在这里，我们提出的观点是，ACh 与大多数其他神经递质一样，表现出快速和慢速两种模式，这两种模式主要取决于胆碱能纤维的解剖结构、受体亚型的分布和信号机制，以及 ACh 水解的动力学。当前的方法学方法在分析这些潜在因素的能力上仍然存在局限性。然而，我们相信，新型技术的不断发展以及对胆碱能活动的更细致的看法，将为更好地理解大脑中的 ACh 开辟关键的新途径。前脑胆碱能信号：有线的和脉冲式的，而非紧张的，并导致行为，作者：Martin Sarter 和 Cindy Lustig。
