Anzenberger G, Mendoza S P, Mason W A
California Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis.
Department of Psychology, Biomathematical Section, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Am J Primatol. 1986;11(1):37-51. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350110105.
Comparisons were made of the behavioral and physiological responses of heterosexual pairs of two closely related New World primates, Callicebus moloch and Saimiri sciureus, to confrontations with unfamiliar pairs. Subject pairs were exposed to strangers in two situations differing in the presumed degree of arousal they imposed: obligatory (full visual exposure) and facultative (one part of the test cage allowed visual withdrawal). Behavioral reactions were evaluated employing frequencies of affiliative behaviors, agonistic behaviors, and spatial distribution. Physiological reactions were evaluated employing heartrate and plasma corticosteroid levels. Callicebus males and females were similarly affected by unfamiliar pairs. Both sexes behaved agonistically towards strangers; pairmates drew closer together and behaved in a coordinated fashion. Display behaviors declined, and spatial withdrawal increased over time. Heartrate in both sexes increased during confrontations, particularly during obligatory exposure. The reactions of Saimiri to strangers differed between the sexes. Males reacted agonistically toward unfamiliar conspecifics, as reflected in displays and spatial adjustments. In contrast, females showed a strong attraction to unfamiliar females. Despite the sex differences in behavior, heartrate did not differentiate confrontation conditions clearly in either sex. Plasma cortisol measures failed to differentiate between experimental conditions in either species.
对两种亲缘关系密切的新大陆灵长类动物——马氏伶猴（Callicebus moloch）和松鼠猴（Saimiri sciureus）的异性配对组合，在面对与陌生配对组合对峙时的行为和生理反应进行了比较。受试配对组合在两种不同情境下与陌生人接触，这两种情境在假定施加的唤醒程度上有所不同：强制性的（完全视觉暴露）和选择性的（测试笼的一部分允许视觉回避）。行为反应通过亲和行为、攻击行为的频率以及空间分布来评估。生理反应通过心率和血浆皮质类固醇水平来评估。马氏伶猴的雄性和雌性受到陌生配对组合的影响类似。两性对陌生人都表现出攻击性；配对伙伴彼此靠得更近并以协调的方式行动。展示行为减少，随着时间推移空间回避增加。在对峙期间，两性的心率都增加，尤其是在强制性暴露期间。松鼠猴对陌生人的反应在两性之间有所不同。雄性对陌生同种个体表现出攻击性，这体现在展示行为和空间调整上。相比之下，雌性对陌生雌性表现出强烈的吸引力。尽管行为存在性别差异，但心率在两性中都未能清晰地区分对峙条件。血浆皮质醇测量未能区分这两个物种的实验条件。
