Department of Special Education, Achva Academic College, Arugot, 7980400, Israel.
Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
Res Dev Disabil. 2020 Mar;98:103577. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103577. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
In accordance with the determinant of parenting model (Belsky, 1984), a conceptual model is proposed in which parental stress mediates the links between child, proximal, and distal risk factors and parental behavior. Participants were 156 families with children aged 4-7 years (M = 5.64 years, SD = 0.62; 59 % boys); research group: 75 two-parent families having children with mild intellectual disability (MID); control group: 81 two-parent families with typically developed (TD) children. Parents completed questionnaires, and parent-child interactions were videotaped. Results indicated differences between groups in levels of parental stress and child and proximal risk factors, but not in distal risk factors. Furthermore, the paths between the proximal and child levels of risk to maternal parenting were mediated by maternal stress for both MID and TD groups. Risk factors were linked to paternal stress for all fathers, yet the mediation effect was only found for families with TD children. Distal risk factors significantly influenced maternal and paternal parenting, but only in families having children with MID and with no mediation of stress. The importance of being mindful to both proximal and distal ecologies of children with MID and their parents is discussed, as is the need to address the different influences fathers and mothers may have on their children.
根据养育模式的决定因素（Belsky，1984），提出了一个概念模型，其中父母压力在儿童、近端和远端风险因素与父母行为之间的关系中起中介作用。参与者为 156 个有 4-7 岁儿童的家庭（M=5.64 岁，SD=0.62；59%为男孩）；研究组：75 个有轻度智力障碍（MID）儿童的双亲家庭；对照组：81 个有典型发育（TD）儿童的双亲家庭。父母完成了问卷调查，父母与孩子的互动被录像。结果表明，两组在父母压力和儿童及近端风险因素方面存在差异，但在远端风险因素方面没有差异。此外，MID 和 TD 组中，近端和儿童层面的风险因素与母亲养育方式之间的关系都受到母亲压力的中介。所有父亲的风险因素都与父亲压力有关，但只有在有 TD 儿童的家庭中才存在这种中介效应。远端风险因素显著影响了母亲和父亲的养育方式，但仅在有 MID 儿童的家庭中存在压力的中介作用。讨论了关注 MID 儿童及其父母的近端和远端生态的重要性，以及需要解决父亲和母亲对孩子可能产生的不同影响。
