Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, United Kingdom.
Cognition. 2020 Apr;197:104187. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104187. Epub 2020 Jan 22.
Items with special histories (e.g. celebrity owners) or qualities (e.g. limited editions) are more valuable than similar "inauthentic" items. Typically developing (TD) children privilege authenticity and are particularly influenced by who objects belong to. Here, we explore why children and adults over-value items with special ownership histories and examine how autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects object valuation. In Studies 1 and 2, TD children perceived items belonging to famous owners (with "good" or "bad" reputations) to be more valuable than similar items belonging to non-famous owners. However, they ascribed significantly higher values to items belonging to famous heroes than infamous villains when compared. Children with ASD did not over-value objects with special ownership histories, but their valuations were moderated by qualities unrelated to ownership (e.g. rarity). In Study 3, adults with ASD assigned high values to authentic items with special ownership histories but were more likely to keep inauthentic objects than neurotypical adults. Our findings show that association with a famous owner is sufficient to increase an item's value for TD children and adults (with and without ASD). The degree of added value may be determined by the famous owner's character for TD children, but not adults. By contrast, children with ASD value objects via a different strategy that prioritizes material qualities over ownership history. However, the awareness of authenticity displayed by adults with ASD suggests that the emergence of ownership history as an important influence on object evaluation may be developmentally delayed in ASD, rather than completely absent.
具有特殊历史（例如名人拥有）或品质（例如限量版）的物品比类似的“非正品”物品更有价值。通常情况下，发展中的（TD）儿童更看重真实性，并且特别受物品归属者的影响。在这里，我们探讨了为什么儿童和成年人会高估具有特殊所有权历史的物品，并研究了自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）如何影响物品的估值。在研究 1 和 2 中，TD 儿童认为属于名人所有者（拥有“好”或“坏”名声）的物品比属于非名人所有者的类似物品更有价值。然而，与臭名昭著的恶棍相比，他们赋予了属于著名英雄的物品更高的价值。患有 ASD 的儿童不会高估具有特殊所有权历史的物品，但他们的估值受到与所有权无关的品质（例如稀有性）的影响。在研究 3 中，患有 ASD 的成年人会给具有特殊所有权历史的真实物品赋予很高的价值，但与神经典型成年人相比，他们更有可能保留非真实物品。我们的研究结果表明，与名人所有者的关联足以增加 TD 儿童和成人（患有和未患有 ASD）对物品的价值。增加的价值程度可能取决于 TD 儿童对名人所有者的性格，但对成年人来说并非如此。相比之下，患有 ASD 的儿童通过一种不同的策略来评估物品，该策略更侧重于物品的物质品质而非所有权历史。然而，患有 ASD 的成年人对真实性的认识表明，所有权历史作为影响物品评估的一个重要因素，在 ASD 中可能是发育延迟的，而不是完全缺失的。
