Faculty of Forestry, Department of Landscape Architecture, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2020 Jan 25;192(2):140. doi: 10.1007/s10661-020-8081-0.
Gypsiferous soils in karstic landscapes are important areas in terms of biodiversity and geology. One of the geological formations occurring in gypsum regions is the doline lakes. Subsidence dolines must be preserved because of their formation and fossil heritage. Erosion is one of the most serious types of degradation among these types of lakes. The Bakkal Lake is one of the most important doline lake in central Turkey and is at risks with sediment flow. In this study, we aimed to determine how erosion poses a threat to the geological heritage in areas such as doline lakes and to simulate what measures can be taken to protect them. RUSLE/GIS/remote-sensing technologies were used to estimate the distribution and amount of sediment flowing into the lake. According to the results of the study, the amount of sediment transported to the lake was estimated to be 2.73thay, and the total amount of sediment transported was 2876 my. The time until Bakkal Lake is filled with sediment flux was calculated to be 698 years. The simulation was developed by offering protection measures to reduce sediment flow to the lake. As a result of the simulation, it was calculated that the amount of sediment flowing into the lake decreased to 2.29 thay and the filling time increased to 833 years. The study showed that a doline lake, which under natural processes would not be filled for thousands of years, will soon be filled unless radical measures are not taken. This study asserts that more planners should use simulations to model sediment flow to better select appropriate conservation measures.
岩溶景观中的石膏土壤在生物多样性和地质学方面具有重要意义。在石膏地区发生的地质构造之一是灰岩坑湖。由于其形成和化石遗产，必须保护沉降灰岩坑。侵蚀是这些湖泊中最严重的退化类型之一。Bakkal 湖是土耳其中部最重要的灰岩坑湖之一，目前正面临泥沙流的威胁。在这项研究中，我们旨在确定侵蚀如何对灰岩坑等地区的地质遗产构成威胁，并模拟可以采取哪些措施来保护它们。RUSLE/GIS/遥感技术用于估计流入湖泊的泥沙分布和数量。根据研究结果，估计有 2.73 吨泥沙被输送到湖中，总输送量为 2876 立方米。计算得出 Bakkal 湖被泥沙填满的时间为 698 年。通过提供保护措施来减少泥沙流入湖中，对模拟进行了开发。模拟结果表明，流入湖中泥沙的数量减少到 2.29 吨，填满时间增加到 833 年。研究表明，一个在自然过程中几千年都不会填满的灰岩坑湖，如果不采取激进的措施，很快就会被填满。这项研究表明，应该有更多的规划者使用模拟来模拟泥沙流，以便更好地选择适当的保护措施。
