The cardiovascular effects of iodinated contrast media injections.

Intravascular iodinated contrast media are used in high doses and high concentrations to achieve the necessary x-ray attenuation. These solutions have densities, viscosities, and osmolalities considerably higher than body fluids. The properties of the solutions are responsible for many of the dose-dependent side effects of intravascular injection. There are significant differences among the media available today; however, all will produce some side effects.