Gosling William D, Julier Adele C M, Adu-Bredu Stephen, Djagbletey Gloria D, Fraser Wesley T, Jardine Phillip E, Lomax Barry H, Malhi Yadvinder, Manu Emmanuel A, Mayle Francis E, Moore Sam
1Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
4School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
Veg Hist Archaeobot. 2018;27(2):411-418. doi: 10.1007/s00334-017-0642-y. Epub 2017 Oct 9.
Tracking changes in biodiversity through time requires an understanding of the relationship between modern diversity and how this diversity is preserved in the fossil record. Fossil pollen is one way in which past vegetation diversity can be reconstructed. However, there is limited understanding of modern pollen-vegetation diversity relationships from biodiverse tropical ecosystems. Here, pollen (palynological) richness and diversity (Hill ) are compared with vegetation richness and diversity from forest and savannah ecosystems in the New World and Old World tropics (Neotropics and Palaeotropics). Modern pollen data were obtained from artificial pollen traps deployed in 1-ha vegetation study plots from which vegetation inventories had been completed in Bolivia and Ghana. Pollen counts were obtained from 15 to 22 traps per plot, and aggregated pollen sums for each plot were > 2,500. The palynological richness/diversity values from the Neotropics were moist evergreen forest = 86/6.8, semi-deciduous dry forest = 111/21.9, wooded savannah = 138/31.5, and from the Palaeotropics wet evergreen forest = 144/28.3, semi-deciduous moist forest = 104/4.4, forest-savannah transition = 121/14.1; the corresponding vegetation richness/diversity was 100/36.7, 80/38.7 and 71/39.4 (Neotropics), and 101/54.8, 87/45.5 and 71/34.5 (Palaeotropics). No consistent relationship was found between palynological richness/diversity, and plot vegetation richness/diversity, due to the differential influence of other factors such as landscape diversity, pollination strategy, and pollen source area. Palynological richness exceeded vegetation richness, while pollen diversity was lower than vegetation diversity. The relatively high global diversity of tropical vegetation was found to be reflected in the pollen rain.
通过时间追踪生物多样性的变化需要理解现代多样性与这种多样性如何在化石记录中得以保存之间的关系。化石花粉是重建过去植被多样性的一种方式。然而，对于生物多样的热带生态系统中现代花粉与植被多样性关系的了解却很有限。在此，将花粉（孢粉学）丰富度和多样性（希尔指数）与新世界和旧世界热带地区（新热带区和古热带区）森林和稀树草原生态系统的植被丰富度和多样性进行比较。现代花粉数据取自部署在玻利维亚和加纳已完成植被清查的1公顷植被研究样地中的人工花粉陷阱。每个样地从15至22个陷阱获取花粉计数，且每个样地的花粉总数汇总超过2500。新热带区的孢粉学丰富度/多样性值为：湿润常绿林 = 86/6.8，半落叶干燥林 = 111/21.9，树木繁茂的稀树草原 = 138/31.5；古热带区湿润常绿林 = 144/28.3，半落叶湿润林 = 104/4.4，森林 - 稀树草原过渡带 = 121/14.1；相应的植被丰富度/多样性为100/36.7、80/38.7和71/39.4（新热带区），以及101/54.8、87/45.5和71/34.5（古热带区）。由于景观多样性、授粉策略和花粉源面积等其他因素的不同影响，未发现孢粉学丰富度/多样性与样地植被丰富度/多样性之间存在一致关系。孢粉学丰富度超过植被丰富度，而花粉多样性低于植被多样性。研究发现热带植被相对较高的全球多样性反映在花粉雨中。
