Malone Jordan C., Arbor Tafline C., Shah Abdul Basit
University of Texas Medical Branch
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
The midgut is the middle segment of the early gut tube that ultimately produces most of the small intestine and a significant portion of the large intestine. The proper development of the midgut is crucial to the overall function of the human digestive tract. Early in development, the incipient embryonic gut is an endodermal-derived tube divided based on its arterial supply into three segments: the foregut, midgut, and hindgut. Each segment of the primordial gut gives rise to different parts of the adult gastrointestinal tract and outgrowth organs. Midgut-derived organs are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery and include the duodenum distal to the entrance of the bile duct, the jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and proximal two-thirds of the transverse colon. These organs are integral components of the digestive tract and collectively contribute to the digestion and absorption of nutrients, water, and salts that humans consume through their diet. The midgut development is a captivating process involving the rapid growth of the gut segment that outpaces the space available within the developing abdominal cavity. This forces the midgut to herniate outside of the abdominal cavity at the future site of the umbilicus and into the umbilical cord. Later in development, the segments along the midgut loop will derive structures of the mature gastrointestinal tract.
中肠是早期肠管的中间部分，最终发育成大部分小肠和相当一部分大肠。中肠的正常发育对人类消化道的整体功能至关重要。在发育早期，初始的胚胎肠道是一个内胚层来源的管道，根据其动脉供应分为三个部分：前肠、中肠和后肠。原始肠道的每个部分都发育成成人胃肠道和突出器官的不同部分。中肠衍生的器官由肠系膜上动脉供应，包括胆总管入口远端的十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、阑尾、升结肠和横结肠的近端三分之二。这些器官是消化道的重要组成部分，共同促进人体通过饮食摄入的营养、水和盐的消化和吸收。中肠发育是一个引人入胜的过程，涉及肠段的快速生长，其速度超过了发育中的腹腔内可用的空间。这迫使中肠在未来脐部的位置突出到腹腔外并进入脐带。在发育后期，中肠袢沿线的节段将发育成成熟胃肠道的结构。
