Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Defence Institute, University of Defence, Vita Nejedleho, Vyskov 68201, Czech Republic.
Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, Praha 6 - Dejvice 16628, Czech Republic.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 20;714:136819. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136819. Epub 2020 Jan 20.
The problems of determining the protective properties of barrier materials used for the production of body surface protection products of an isolative type are very actual. These garments are expected to have long-term resistance against permeation of toxic substances. The paper deals with the study of the effect of organic solvent vapours on the changes in protective properties of selected anti-gas protective garments commonly used by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization armed forces. Permeation measurements of selected gases with integral permeameter were performed to verify their barrier properties, surface changes after exposure to selected solvents by using a 3D optical profilometer, permeation measurements for vapours of these solvents with differential permeameter, and experimental simulating the possible influence of barrier properties of garments within permeation of air. It has been shown that in the case of gases, the permeability of the studied materials increases with decreasing kinetic diameter of the penetrant molecule used. In the case of acetonitrile and isooctane vapours, permeability increased with increasing vapour concentration due to interactions between polymeric materials and molecules of organic compounds. The permeation measurements of pure vapours and air/vapour mixtures indicate that the level of interactions between the molecules of the penetrant and the material of the protective garment is not strong enough to degrade the material of the garment in such a way as to allow a greater penetration of the pollutants through it. The results of permeation experiments for gases and organic vapours showed very good barrier properties of studied chemical isolated garments.
用于生产隔离式身体防护产品的屏障材料的防护性能的确定问题非常实际。这些服装预计具有长期抵抗有毒物质渗透的能力。本文研究了有机溶剂蒸气对北约军队常用的几种化学气体防护服防护性能变化的影响。使用积分渗透率计对选定的气体进行了渗透测量，以验证其阻隔性能，使用 3D 光学轮廓仪测量暴露于选定溶剂后的表面变化，使用差分渗透率计对这些溶剂的蒸气进行渗透测量，并实验模拟了在空气渗透过程中防护服阻隔性能的可能影响。结果表明，对于气体，研究材料的渗透性随着所用渗透物分子的动力学直径的减小而增加。对于乙腈和异辛烷蒸气，由于聚合材料与有机化合物分子之间的相互作用，蒸气浓度的增加导致渗透性增加。纯蒸气和空气/蒸气混合物的渗透测量表明，渗透物分子与防护服装材料之间的相互作用程度不足以使服装材料降解，从而允许更多的污染物通过。气体和有机蒸气的渗透实验结果表明，所研究的化学隔离服装具有非常好的阻隔性能。
