Development of injectable and durable kefiran hydro-alcoholic gels.

Injectable, in-situ forming kefiran gels have been developed for potential applications as implantable drug delivery devices or scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Concentrated solutions (4, 5 and 6%w) of kefiran, extracted from kefir grains, have been assessed in term of viscosity and injectability through G26 syringe needles, and for their ability to undergo gelation upon mixing with different alcohols. Propylene glycol (PG) has been selected as gelling agent because it ensures homogenous gelation in relatively short times (from few minutes up to 6 h). The investigation of the rheological behavior of kefiran/PG gels varying polymer concentration and temperature (25 °C and 37 °C) has provided interesting hints to support a possible gelation mechanism that accounts also for the observed influence of the alcohol type. Finally, the study of kefiran/PG gels has been complemented with the investigation on selected formulations of the swelling/degradation behavior upon immersion in isotonic buffer solution for up to 40 days at 37 °C; of the ability of the gels to retain and/or release two model molecules; and within vitro cell viability and cytotoxicity tests, to support the absence of toxic effects on cells induced by direct contact with the gels or by leached components from these gels.