Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research, Oslo, Norway.
Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2020 Oct;64(13-14):1364-1397. doi: 10.1177/0306624X19881929. Epub 2020 Jan 28.
Strength-based theories of rehabilitation emphasize the importance of opportunities for offenders to achieve "good lives" to not re-offend. The extent to which these groups feel enabled to achieve a good life may be measured through subjective, overall quality of life (QoL). The aim is to systematically review the QoL instruments used among detained offenders and synthesize the factors related to their QoL. A systematic literature review was conducted to retrieve articles that assessed the overall QoL of a sample of detained offenders using a validated instrument. The instruments' specificity, dimensionality, and respondent and administrator burden were assessed, and factors reported as significantly related to QoL were summarized. In total, 41 articles were included in the review: 20 reported on forensic samples and 20 on prisoners, with one study randomly assigning offenders to either forensic treatment or prison. Among the included articles, 12 validated instruments were utilized. Only one instrument, the Forensic Inpatient Quality of Life Questionnaire, was specifically developed for and validated in forensic patients. Detained offending populations reported lower QoL than the general population, and those with untreated mental illness reported the lowest. The most consistent predictors of QoL longitudinally were social factors, while substance use and detention-specific variables were not consistently related. In general, the relationships between poor mental health, loneliness, and poor QoL seen in offenders are also seen among other marginalized populations. To improve the evidence base for QoL assessment in this vulnerable group, current gold standard QoL instruments should be validated in detained populations.
基于优势的康复理论强调为罪犯提供机会实现“美好生活”以避免再次犯罪的重要性。这些群体实现美好生活的能力程度可以通过主观的整体生活质量（QoL）来衡量。目的是系统地回顾用于被拘留罪犯的 QoL 工具，并综合与他们的 QoL 相关的因素。进行了系统的文献回顾，以检索使用经过验证的工具评估被拘留罪犯样本整体 QoL 的文章。评估了工具的特异性、维度以及受访者和管理员的负担，并总结了与 QoL 显著相关的因素。共有 41 篇文章被纳入审查：20 篇报告了法医样本，20 篇报告了囚犯，一项研究将罪犯随机分配到法医治疗或监狱。在纳入的文章中，使用了 12 种经过验证的工具。只有一种工具，即法医住院患者生活质量问卷，是专门为法医患者开发和验证的。被拘留的罪犯群体报告的生活质量低于一般人群，而未经治疗的精神病患者报告的生活质量最低。在纵向研究中，与生活质量最一致的预测因素是社会因素，而物质使用和特定于拘留的变量与生活质量没有一致的关系。一般来说，在罪犯中看到的与心理健康状况不佳、孤独和生活质量差相关的关系，也存在于其他弱势群体中。为了改善这一弱势群体的 QoL 评估证据基础，应在被拘留人群中验证当前的黄金标准 QoL 工具。
