Department of Economics, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Business & Commerce, GIFT University Gujranwala, Gujranwala, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2020 Apr;27(11):12439-12448. doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-07657-z. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
The hasty economic development in developing countries comes along with poorer air quality, which has severe toxicological effects on the environment and human health. This study is carried out to explore and empirically investigate the relationship between industrial pollution and health using the panel of middle-income countries (MIC) over 1990-2016. This study uses two indicators of health status, namely life expectancy and infant mortality, and two indicators of industrial pollution, namely carbon dioxide emissions and nitrous oxide emissions. This analysis is carried out using fixed effects (FE) technique on the grounds of the Hausman test. The empirical results suggest that industrial pollution tends to decrease life expectancy and increases infant mortality. In addition, this study suggests that the adverse impact of industrial pollution is greater in lower-middle-income countries (LMIC) in comparison with upper-middle-income countries (UMIC). This study recommends the programs to improve human health status and needs to focus on policies that mitigate industrial pollution burden.
发展中国家仓促的经济发展伴随着空气质量的恶化，这对环境和人类健康产生了严重的毒理学影响。本研究旨在探讨和实证研究 1990-2016 年期间中等收入国家（MIC）的工业污染与健康之间的关系。本研究使用了两个健康状况指标，即预期寿命和婴儿死亡率，以及两个工业污染指标，即二氧化碳排放和氧化亚氮排放。基于豪斯曼检验，本分析使用固定效应（FE）技术进行。实证结果表明，工业污染往往会降低预期寿命并增加婴儿死亡率。此外，本研究表明，与上中等收入国家（UMIC）相比，工业污染的不利影响在低中等收入国家（LMIC）中更大。本研究建议实施改善人类健康状况的方案，并需要关注减轻工业污染负担的政策。
